{"TocInclude":false,"TocMaxLevel":3,"TocInsertBeforeId":null,"PdfFilePath":"L:\\Shared\\Development\\HTML Converter - Sample PDF Documents\\ISLG\\Common\\Dispute Document - sample PDFs\\UN-0152-06 - Yukos Capital v. Russia - Dissenting Opinion of J. William Rowley-1.pdf","DocumentUIN":"UN015206","BlockIdMax":102,"DocumentBlocks":{"1":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":5,"columnEnd":7,"xStart":262.72,"yStart":88.67,"xEnd":367.26,"yEnd":100.72,"text":"No 2013-31 Case PCA","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"524, 177, 209, 24","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"2":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":8,"columnEnd":50,"xStart":123.81,"yStart":128.03,"xEnd":511.1,"yEnd":433.52000000000004,"text":"IN THE MATTER OF \nAN ARBITRATION PURSUANT TO \nARTICLE 26 OF THE ENERGY CHARTER TREATY  \n\nBEFORE \nA TRIBUNAL CONSTITUTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH \nTHE ARBITRATION RULES OF THE UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON\nINTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW OF 1976 \n\n- between- \n\nYUKOS CAPITAL LIMITED \n(formerly YUKOS CAPITAL S.A.R.L.)\n\n(the Claimant) \n -and- \nTHE RUSSIAN FEDERATION \n\n([b]the Respondent and, together with the Claimant, the Parties) [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"247, 255, 774, 611","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"3":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":51,"columnEnd":53,"xStart":182.28,"yStart":482.33,"xEnd":461.03999999999996,"yEnd":495.49,"text":"[b]DISSENTING OPINION OF J. WILLIAM ROWLEY QC[/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"364, 963, 557, 26","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"4":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":54,"columnEnd":55,"xStart":279.58,"yStart":518.39,"xEnd":364.07000000000005,"yEnd":530.5699999999999,"text":"[b]Arbitral Tribunal [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"558, 1035, 169, 24","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"5":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":56,"columnEnd":73,"xStart":201.28,"yStart":545.13,"xEnd":446.26,"yEnd":629.5699999999999,"text":"Professor Campbell McLachlan Q C (Chairman)\nMr J William Rowley QC\nProfessor Brigitte Stem\n\nMr Jack L W Wass, Assistant to the Tribunal\n\nMs Helen F Brown, Assistant Secretary to the Tribunal","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"402, 1089, 489, 168","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"6":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":76,"columnEnd":109,"xStart":133.39,"yStart":642.0,"xEnd":282.25,"yEnd":764.54,"text":"[u]Counsel Claimant's [/u]\n\nMr Cyrus Benson\nMs Penny Madden QC\nMs Ceyda Knoebel\nMr Piers Plumptre\nMs Sophy Helgesen\nMs Sasha Kobyasheva\nMr Theo Tyrrell\n[i]Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher UK LLP[/i]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"266, 1282, 297, 245","alignment":0,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"7":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":74,"columnEnd":112,"xStart":385.08,"yStart":637.87,"xEnd":502.45,"yEnd":771.9599999999999,"text":"[u]Respondent's Counsel[/u]\n\nMs Samantha J Rowe\nMs Aimee-Jane Lee\nMr Conway Blake\nMr Maxim Osadchiy\nMs Monika Hlavkova\nMs Sonja Sreckovic\nMs Svetlana Portman\n[i]Debevotse & Plimpton LLP[/i]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"769, 1274, 234, 268","alignment":0,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"8":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":125,"columnEnd":126,"xStart":96.15,"yStart":135.03,"xEnd":215.79,"yEnd":146.77,"text":"[b]INTRODUCTION [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hI","paragraphLabel":"I.","rectangle":"192, 269, 239, 24","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"9":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":127,"columnEnd":185,"xStart":97.31,"yStart":165.83,"xEnd":532.36,"yEnd":277.16999999999996,"text":"I am in agreement with large parts ofthe Award, including the findings the establishing liability under the ECT. I also agree with the conclusion that Claimant is Respondent's entitled to on for its loss of the value of the December 2003 Loan in the compensati amount of USO plus interest, as set out in [6] of the Disposition. 2,630,706,272.17, However, I consider that the liability to the Claimant goes compensate Respondent's beyond these amounts.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa1","paragraphLabel":"1.","rectangle":"194, 331, 869, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"10":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":186,"columnEnd":221,"xStart":96.5,"yStart":297.34,"xEnd":533.3100000000001,"yEnd":388.53000000000003,"text":"My differencewith my esteemed colleagues concerns their conclusions that: (a) only 50% ofthe sums advanced by Claimant after 26 May 2004 on the December 2003 Loan is (because Claimant contributed equally to its loss); and (b) Claimant'sloss on recoverable its August 2004 Loan is in these (because Claimant alone proceedings irrecoverable caused its loss).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa2","paragraphLabel":"2.","rectangle":"192, 594, 873, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"11":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":222,"columnEnd":224,"xStart":97.07,"yStart":409.03,"xEnd":276.75,"yEnd":420.38,"text":"These conclusions are untenable.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa3","paragraphLabel":"3.","rectangle":"193, 817, 359, 22","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"12":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":225,"columnEnd":253,"xStart":97.01,"yStart":440.06,"xEnd":533.47,"yEnd":530.9399999999999,"text":"As regards the ofthe loss ofthe August 2004 Loan, there is no credible irrecoverability legal support for the majority'sdecision. No cases were cited in which an investor-state tribunal has everconcluded that an investor is entitled to no compensation where (as here) its loss would not have occurred in the absence ofthe impugned conduct ofthe host state. This almost certainly means that there are no such cases.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa4","paragraphLabel":"4.","rectangle":"193, 879, 872, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"13":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":254,"columnEnd":271,"xStart":97.91,"yStart":551.93,"xEnd":533.98,"yEnd":602.62,"text":"The majority contends that \"A finding that the proximate cause ofthe claimant's loss is his own actions has been dispositive in a number ofcases, despite findings ofculpability on the part of the respondent.\"[k]{fn1}[s]1[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa5","paragraphLabel":"5.","rectangle":"195, 1102, 871, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"14":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":272,"columnEnd":307,"xStart":98.3,"yStart":622.79,"xEnd":534.47,"yEnd":713.65,"text":"These cases relied on for this contention are discussed below where I deal with the August 2004 Loan. However, they provide no support for the majority's conclusion that should be freed ofits treaty obligation to compensate for its effective taking Respondent of the August 2004 Loan. The cases cited all concern which became investments worthless, or had been lost (either by reason ofthe investor'sown mistakes, mismanaged","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa6","paragraphLabel":"6.","rectangle":"196, 1244, 871, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"15":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":308,"columnEnd":309,"xStart":99.57,"yStart":743.31,"xEnd":165.27,"yEnd":752.5,"text":"Award at [606].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn1","paragraphLabel":"1","rectangle":"198, 1484, 132, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"16":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":322,"columnEnd":350,"xStart":125.63,"yStart":111.47,"xEnd":536.1700000000001,"yEnd":162.55,"text":"or bad luck) before the relevant respondent state was alleged to have breached its treaty obligation. In the only case where a treaty breach was actually found, it occurred only after the investment had become valueless, thus causing no loss.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"250, 222, 821, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"17":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":351,"columnEnd":386,"xStart":98.56,"yStart":182.88,"xEnd":537.85,"yEnd":294.41,"text":"As regards the conclusion that Claimant contributed (to the extent of50%) to the loss of the advances it made under the December 2003 Loan after 26 May 2004, the majority errs (as discussed below) by failing to take into account that, on the record before the Tribunal, even if Yukos Oil were to face bankruptcy it would have had sufficient assets to repay the December 2003 Loan absent Respondent's unlawful acts against it and against Claimant.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa7","paragraphLabel":"7.","rectangle":"196, 365, 878, 223","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"18":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":387,"columnEnd":399,"xStart":98.73,"yStart":314.41,"xEnd":536.31,"yEnd":365.77000000000004,"text":"Put differently, even ifthe majority was correct to conclude that Claimant was negligent in making the final three advances on the December 2003 Loan, that negligence was not causative ofits loss.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa8","paragraphLabel":"8.","rectangle":"197, 628, 874, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"19":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":400,"columnEnd":408,"xStart":98.07,"yStart":392.14,"xEnd":536.71,"yEnd":416.66,"text":"[b]THE EFFECT OF THE MAJORITY'S CONCLUSIONS ON CONTRIBUTION/ CAUSATION [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hII","paragraphLabel":"II.","rectangle":"195, 783, 877, 49","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"20":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":409,"columnEnd":432,"xStart":98.4,"yStart":435.68,"xEnd":535.49,"yEnd":486.72,"text":"Before turning to the more detailed discussion of the majority's contribution/causation analysis of the two loans, the effect of the majority's conclusions makes plain the majority'serror.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa9","paragraphLabel":"9.","rectangle":"196, 870, 873, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"21":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":433,"columnEnd":483,"xStart":99.56,"yStart":507.04,"xEnd":536.69,"yEnd":598.09,"text":"In the case of the December 2003 Loan, RUB 3,916,683,000.00 was advanced after 26 May 2004 (drawdowns of 16, 22 and 28 June 2004). The effect ofthe majority's 50% discount on Claimant's compensation for this component of its December 2003 Loan enables Respondent and its designees to retain and be unjustly enriched by RUB 1,958,341,500.00, or approximately USD 66,610,255.10[k]{fn2}2[/k] of Claimant's funds.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa10","paragraphLabel":"10.","rectangle":"198, 1012, 874, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"22":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":484,"columnEnd":516,"xStart":99.76,"yStart":618.42,"xEnd":537.78,"yEnd":669.77,"text":"In the case of the August 2004 Loan of USD 355 million, the effect of the majority's holding that Claimant was entirely responsible for this loss enables Respondent and its designees to retain and be unjustly enriched by the whole ofthe USD 355,000,000.00.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa11","paragraphLabel":"11","rectangle":"199, 1235, 875, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"23":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":517,"columnEnd":534,"xStart":98.72,"yStart":731.54,"xEnd":535.75,"yEnd":752.0699999999999,"text":"The same exchange rate as that set out at (789} of the Award is applied here, namely 29.40 Russian roubles to 1 US dollar.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn2","paragraphLabel":"2","rectangle":"197, 1461, 873, 41","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"24":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":549,"columnEnd":625,"xStart":99.77,"yStart":116.81,"xEnd":534.64,"yEnd":267.21000000000004,"text":"A conclusion that Respondent should not be held to its treaty obligation to compensate Claimant for the taking ofthe entirety of its two loans and the associated contractual and pre-award interest (i.e., to have its obligation to compensate Claimant reduced by at least the principal sum of USD 42I,610,255.10) cannot be correct in circumstances where Claimant would almost certainly have been repaid in full had Respondent: (a) not sold Yukos Oil's YNG to Rosneft in a rigged auction for a fraction of its true worth in a transaction that was acknowledged to be a practical nationalisation;[k]{fn3}[s]3[/s][/k] and (b) not treated Claimant unlawfully in Yukos Oil 's eventual bankruptcy proceedings.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa12","paragraphLabel":"12.","rectangle":"199, 233, 869, 300","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"25":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":626,"columnEnd":638,"xStart":98.14,"yStart":292.88,"xEnd":534.72,"yEnd":318.09999999999997,"text":"[b]DID CLAIMANT \"CONTRIBUTE\" TO [/b]ITS INJURY IN [b]RELATION TO THE DECEMBER 2003 LOAN? [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hIII","paragraphLabel":"III","rectangle":"196, 585, 872, 50","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"26":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":639,"columnEnd":705,"xStart":99.25,"yStart":337.95,"xEnd":534.59,"yEnd":488.0,"text":"When perfonning a comparative contribution-to-loss analysis between an investor and, in this case, as found, a state which (in its relevant treaty breaches) intended to destroy the investor'sability to recover its investment, a tribunal should be very sure that it does not engage in hindsight as to what was foreseeable. In the case ofdoubt or uncertainty, it is certainly proper to give the innocent investor the benefit ofthe doubt over a state that has intended in its unlawful actions to injure the investor. A tribunal must also detennine whether the risk foreseen would have occurred in the absence of the host state acting unlawfully. Ifnot, the foreseen risk would not be causative ofloss.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa13","paragraphLabel":"13.","rectangle":"198, 675, 869, 299","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"27":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":706,"columnEnd":754,"xStart":99.57,"yStart":508.5,"xEnd":534.97,"yEnd":659.2199999999999,"text":"The majority's holding that the Claimant should bear 50% of its loss in relation to the three drawdowns that remained to be made after 26 May 2004 is based on the conclusion that \"there was a reasonably foreseeable risk that the Claimant'sinvestment might not be repaid from 27 May 2004\".[k]{fn4}[s]4[/s][/k] This assessment offoreseeability was based on and limited to the possibility that Yukos Oil might have to declare bankruptcy. No consideration was given as to the prospects for Claimant to recover its loan in such a future bankruptcy. Nor did the majority consider the foreseeability ofany treaty breach by Respondent in relation to Claimant's December 2003 Loan, including its ability to recover its loan in a","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa14","paragraphLabel":"14.","rectangle":"198, 1015, 870, 301","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"28":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":774,"columnEnd":788,"xStart":129.6,"yStart":111.4,"xEnd":539.57,"yEnd":142.73,"text":"bankruptcy proceeding absent any unlawful action by Respondent. These omissions constitute a fundamental error. Finally, no real attempt was made to justify a 50% figure.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"258, 222, 819, 63","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"29":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":755,"columnEnd":757,"xStart":98.03,"yStart":718.58,"xEnd":189.1,"yEnd":728.38,"text":"Award at [138]-[146].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn3","paragraphLabel":"3","rectangle":"195, 1435, 182, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"30":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":758,"columnEnd":759,"xStart":98.13,"yStart":741.77,"xEnd":164.7,"yEnd":750.78,"text":"Award at (677).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn4","paragraphLabel":"4","rectangle":"196, 1481, 133, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"31":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":789,"columnEnd":847,"xStart":103.21,"yStart":163.16,"xEnd":541.65,"yEnd":274.26,"text":"The majority placed much weight on the 26 May 2004 decision of one judge in the Moscow Arbitrazh Court to uphold the first Tax Assessment (the 2000 Tax Assessment) and Yukos Oil's statement the next day, on 27 May 2004, that it faced the risk of bankruptcy. It says that these facts \"should have given a reasonable lender in Yukos Capital'sposition cause to consider whether it was prudent for it to continue to advance loans under the December 2003 Loan Agreement.\" [k]{fn5}[s]5[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"papa15","paragraphLabel":"15.","rectangle":"206, 325, 876, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"32":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":848,"columnEnd":877,"xStart":103.4,"yStart":295.01,"xEnd":540.12,"yEnd":366.1,"text":"At [683] ofthe Award, the majority states that \"the Tribunal considers that the Claimant was negligent in safeguarding its own interests as lender\", and at [684] it says that \"(t]he Tribunal considers that the Claimant'sfailure in this respect equally contributed to this part ofthe loss along with the Respondent'ssubsequent breaches ofthe treaty.\"","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa16","paragraphLabel":"16.","rectangle":"206, 589, 873, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"33":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":878,"columnEnd":912,"xStart":103.12,"yStart":386.2,"xEnd":540.01,"yEnd":457.29,"text":"With respect, this is an untenable conclusion and outcome. The majority gave no consideration to Claimant'sability to recover its loan in any bankruptcy proceeding that might be instituted. There was no suggestion that Respondent's future unlawful acts against Claimant could be foreseen. And the conclusion ignores the important facts that:","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17","paragraphLabel":"17.","rectangle":"206, 771, 872, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"34":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":913,"columnEnd":932,"xStart":129.67,"yStart":477.63,"xEnd":539.44,"yEnd":528.8100000000001,"text":"Yukos Oil had been advised in very plain tenns by its outside lawyers that there was utterly no merit in the 2000 Tax Assessment (discussed further below in relation to the August 2004 Loan);","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.i","paragraphLabel":"(i)","rectangle":"259, 954, 818, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"35":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":933,"columnEnd":949,"xStart":129.61,"yStart":548.65,"xEnd":539.96,"yEnd":600.1700000000001,"text":"anotherjudge ofthe MoscowArbitrazh Court had, on 19 May 2004, suspended the 2000 Tax Assessment, and that this suspension remained in force as at the 26 May 2004 court ruling;","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.ii","paragraphLabel":"(ii)","rectangle":"258, 1096, 820, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"36":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":950,"columnEnd":956,"xStart":129.56,"yStart":620.64,"xEnd":540.7,"yEnd":671.84,"text":"even ifYukos Oil were to declare bankruptcy, atthis stage ofevents (well before Respondent's unlawful behaviour in relation to the rigged YNG auction) Yukos Oil had more than enough assets (details below) to pay the 2000 Tax Assessment","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.iii","paragraphLabel":"(iii)","rectangle":"258, 1239, 822, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"37":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":974,"columnEnd":987,"xStart":163.81,"yStart":117.19,"xEnd":530.2099999999999,"yEnd":149.64,"text":"should lhe assessment survive the Oil had Yukos challenge penalties and any it; against launched","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"327, 234, 732, 64","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"38":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":957,"columnEnd":958,"xStart":102.87,"yStart":736.43,"xEnd":168.97,"yEnd":746.34,"text":"Award at [682],","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn5","paragraphLabel":"5","rectangle":"205, 1471, 132, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"39":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":988,"columnEnd":1035,"xStart":122.28,"yStart":170.36,"xEnd":531.74,"yEnd":261.3,"text":"on 17 June the day its next on the Loan, advance made Claimant after 2004, a ) that was evidently below (details statement strong made Putin President to reassure concerned foreign that the Russian authorities, the investors designed and the of the country not in interested were officials economic government Oil go and bankrupt; Yukos seeing","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.iv","paragraphLabel":"(iv)","rectangle":"244, 340, 818, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"40":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1036,"columnEnd":1058,"xStart":123.78,"yStart":281.75,"xEnd":532.69,"yEnd":332.34999999999997,"text":"the last two advances on the December 2003 (as required in the made were Loan the that widely Putin's President followed week during Agreement) Loan [i](i.e., [/i]on 22 and 28 June 2004). reassurance reported","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.v","paragraphLabel":"(v)","rectangle":"247, 562, 817, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"41":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1059,"columnEnd":1165,"xStart":98.27,"yStart":353.84,"xEnd":534.49,"yEnd":534.97,"text":"On facts, it be to that nt's decision to the complete Claima conclude wrong must these was let of sufficient risk as would alone negligent, Agreement Loan 2003 December to with for its loss. It is true that Respondent responsibility equal share Claimant require Oil was subjected to reassessment by the tax on how it authorities Russian being Yukos had self-assessed its taxes for its 2000 and 200 1 tax But this happens every day in years. country in the and it is not for to continue to deal counterparties negligent world every with who are tax It is only if the has counterparty negligent audits. facing companies to believe there is in the and that its borrower will not be able to repay audit merit reason a loan if, in the end, it is that it has to pay the tax. found","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa18","paragraphLabel":"18.","rectangle":"196, 706, 871, 362","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"42":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1166,"columnEnd":1173,"xStart":99.37,"yStart":550.86,"xEnd":535.45,"yEnd":574.82,"text":"[b]OUGHT CLAIMANT TO BEAR THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE LOSS\nOF ITS AUGUST 2004 LOAN?[/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hIV","paragraphLabel":"IV.","rectangle":"198, 1100, 871, 48","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"43":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1174,"columnEnd":1210,"xStart":100.91,"yStart":594.1,"xEnd":536.57,"yEnd":685.22,"text":"Having assessed Claimant's loss on a foreseeability/contribution based analysis for the\nDecember 2003 Loan, the majority moves to a foreseeability/break-in-the-chain analysis\nof the August 2004 Loan. That Loan was made on 19 August 2004, less than two months\nafter President Putin's announcement and the date Claimant made its final advances on\nthe December 2003 Loan.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa19","paragraphLabel":"19.","rectangle":"201, 1186, 870, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"44":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1211,"columnEnd":1249,"xStart":101.12,"yStart":705.78,"xEnd":537.8,"yEnd":756.5799999999999,"text":"The relevant cases and the ILC (in its on A) it clear that it is make ARSIW Commentary only proper to a contribution-based our of a break-in-the-chain in fav analysis abandon , on the facts of a it is that the loss was investor's clear case, particular where analysis","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa20","paragraphLabel":"20.","rectangle":"202, 1410, 872, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"45":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1264,"columnEnd":1287,"xStart":130.65,"yStart":110.94,"xEnd":542.0200000000001,"yEnd":161.60000000000002,"text":"incurred (or was inevitable) solely or predominantly because of its own conduct (or improvidence) before its investment was affected by the impugned conduct of the host state.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"261, 221, 821, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"46":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1288,"columnEnd":1312,"xStart":103.22,"yStart":182.3,"xEnd":540.62,"yEnd":233.59,"text":"As noted above, no case was cited in which a tribunal has determined that an investor is entitled to no compensation where its loss would not have been incurred in the absence ofthe impugned conduct ofthe host state.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa21","paragraphLabel":"21.","rectangle":"206, 364, 874, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"47":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1313,"columnEnd":1366,"xStart":103.2,"yStart":253.98,"xEnd":541.11,"yEnd":365.12,"text":"At [606] and [607] ofthe Award, reference is made to a number ofcases in which other tribunals are said to have concluded that the relevant investor caused its own loss (and thus was entitled to no compensation from the relevant state) despite the fact that the state in question has also been found culpable. The paragraphs wrongly suggest that these cases are good precedents for the majority'sconclusion that Claimant should receive no compensation for the loss ofits August 2004 loan.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa22","paragraphLabel":"22.","rectangle":"206, 507, 874, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"48":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1367,"columnEnd":1414,"xStart":102.58,"yStart":385.17,"xEnd":540.51,"yEnd":516.16,"text":"These paragraphs give the wrong impression as to the findings in the cited cases and what they stand for. This is because, in each ofthese cases, the relevant investor'sloss: (a) had accrued or become inevitable before the allegedly wrongful act of the state; and (b) no part ofthe relevant investor's loss flowed from orwas made worse by any subsequent act of the state. Thus, each ofthese cases is fundamentally different from the present case, where the only reason Yukos Oil faced (and was ultimately driven into) bankruptcy and Claimant lost its investments was the internationally unlawful acts ofRespondent.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa23","paragraphLabel":"23.","rectangle":"204, 769, 875, 262","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"49":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1415,"columnEnd":1466,"xStart":102.25,"yStart":536.55,"xEnd":541.49,"yEnd":647.68,"text":"Put differently, Claimant did not make its August 2004 Loan to Yukos Oil when it was, through its own fault or mismanagement, unable to repay the Loan. Yukos Oil only became unable to repay, and Claimantonly became unable to claim as a creditor in Yukos Oil's bankruptcy, because ofmultiple acts by Respondent in breach ofthe ECT, most of which occurred after both the December 2003 and August 2004 Loans had been made. The relevant factual chronology is set out at [46] below.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa24","paragraphLabel":"24.","rectangle":"204, 1071, 877, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"50":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1467,"columnEnd":1494,"xStart":101.61,"yStart":667.74,"xEnd":539.47,"yEnd":718.7299999999999,"text":"In this case, had Respondent not acted against Yukos Oil and Claimant as it did, Yukos Oil would unquestionably have been able to repay both the December 2003 and the August 2004 Loans and Claimant would have suffered no loss.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa25","paragraphLabel":"25.","rectangle":"202, 1334, 875, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"51":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1510,"columnEnd":1561,"xStart":95.6,"yStart":116.42,"xEnd":531.5600000000001,"yEnd":207.69,"text":"The cases cited by the majority in [606] and [607] are summarised briefly below. I respectfully suggest that these cases do not support the conclusion that the loss suffered by Claimant in relation to the August 2004 Loan was entirely or predominantly attributable to its own conduct such that Respondent can properly be released of any responsibility for its unlawful treatment ofClaimant.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa26","paragraphLabel":"26.","rectangle":"190, 232, 871, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"52":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1562,"columnEnd":1622,"xStart":95.82,"yStart":227.79,"xEnd":531.71,"yEnd":338.91,"text":"[b][u]ELSI[/u]:[k]{fn6}[s]6[/s][/k] [/b]In this case, the ICJ Chamber concluded that, prior to the \"requisition\" (the impugned act), ELSI was in an actual or virtual state of insolvency which had been brought about entirely by reason ofits own mismanagement ofits business. In any event, even though the requisition had no deleterious effect on ELSI'sbusiness (indeed it likely helped it), the Chamber was unable to see anything which could be said to amount to a violation ofthe relevant Article ofthe FCN Treaty by reason ofthe requisition.7","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa27","paragraphLabel":"27.","rectangle":"191, 455, 871, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"53":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1623,"columnEnd":1732,"xStart":95.43,"yStart":358.99,"xEnd":532.8100000000001,"yEnd":550.0999999999999,"text":"[b][u]MAFFEZINI v. SPAIN[/b][/u]:[k]{fn8}[s]8[/s][/k] Here, the tribunal concluded that the losses suffered by Mr Maffezini [i](i.e., [/i]as the result of the failure of his investment in Spain) were not the result of allegedly wrong advice regarding the costs of the project given by a Spanish state entity (one offour alleged breaches ofthe relevant BIT). Rather, the tribunal held that the state entity was not carrying out a public function - hence Spain had committed no BIT breach. It was in this context that the Tribunal observed that BITs were not insurance policies against bad business judgements and that Spain could not be held responsible for Mr Maffezini's own business losses.9 But this cannot be taken to suggest that BIT's do not constitute a form of insurance against the BIT state signatories' contravening the treaty in its treatment ofa qualifying investor.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa28","paragraphLabel":"28.","rectangle":"190, 717, 874, 381","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"54":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1733,"columnEnd":1757,"xStart":95.53,"yStart":570.18,"xEnd":533.57,"yEnd":621.14,"text":"[b][u]OLGUIN v. PARAGUAY[/b][/u]:[k]{fn10}[s]10 [/s][/k]Mr Olguin invested in a project in Paraguay. In so doing, he lost the funds he deposited with a finance company when it went bankrupt. The funds were being held on deposit pending their commitment to the project. Four allegations of","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa29","paragraphLabel":"29.","rectangle":"190, 1139, 875, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"55":{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":1794,"columnEnd":1912,"xStart":129.18,"yStart":113.81,"xEnd":540.8199999999999,"yEnd":404.55,"text":"breach ofthe relevant BIT were made. The allegations, which concerned the lost deposit, were all rejected by the tribunal. It held that the finance company went bankrupt because of the irregular conduct of its managers, not by reason ofunlawful conduct of the state. While the tribunal noted that the finance company's bankruptcy might have been prevented had Paraguay's financial regulators performed better, this did not amount to a breach of the BIT. but simply reflected the rather lax regulation of financial institutions in Paraguay at the time the investment was made. This obiter observation by the tribunal was not a finding that the state was the cause ofMr Olguin'sloss. The tribunal also noted that Mr Olguin had his reasons for investing in Paraguay and it was not reasonable for him (an accomplished businessman, with a track record as an entrepreneur going back many years, etc.) to seek compensation for losses he suffered on making a speculative, or at best, a not very prudent investment. The key take-away from this case is that Paraguay was found not to have breached the BIT in any way and that Mr Olguin had to bear the same risks as anyone else who put money on deposit with a financial institution in Paraguay at that time.[k]{fn11}[s]11[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"258, 227, 822, 581","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"56":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1758,"columnEnd":1765,"xStart":95.67,"yStart":652.03,"xEnd":531.75,"yEnd":661.49,"text":"[i]Elellronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI ) (UnitedStates ofAmerica v Italy), Judgment, ICJ Reports [/i]1989, p. 15 [b](CL-99). [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn6","paragraphLabel":"6","rectangle":"191, 1302, 871, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"57":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1766,"columnEnd":1771,"xStart":95.71,"yStart":673.91,"xEnd":246.52,"yEnd":683.91,"text":"7 Ibid (65], (66], (83], (92], [99], [100].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn7","paragraphLabel":"7","rectangle":"191, 1346, 301, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"58":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1772,"columnEnd":1774,"xStart":95.76,"yStart":697.52,"xEnd":491.37,"yEnd":706.2900000000001,"text":"8 [i]Emilio Agustin Maff ezini v Spain, ICSID Case No ARB/97/7, Award [/i](13 November 2000) (RL-287).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn8","paragraphLabel":"8","rectangle":"191, 1393, 790, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"59":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1778,"columnEnd":1782,"xStart":96.36,"yStart":741.68,"xEnd":449.23,"yEnd":750.78,"text":"10 [i]Eudoro Armando Olgui n [/i][i]v [/i][i]Paraguay, ICSID Case No. ARB/98/5, Award (26 [/i]July 2001).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn10","paragraphLabel":"10","rectangle":"192, 1481, 705, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"60":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1775,"columnEnd":1777,"xStart":95.8,"yStart":719.31,"xEnd":217.42000000000002,"yEnd":728.7099999999999,"text":"9 lbid [39], [40]-[44], (62)-(64).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn9","paragraphLabel":"9","rectangle":"191, 1437, 243, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"61":{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":1913,"columnEnd":2024,"xStart":101.84,"yStart":424.8,"xEnd":541.0,"yEnd":636.63,"text":"[b][u]BIWATER v. TANZANIA[/u]:[/b]1[k]{fn12}[s]2[/s][/k] This case is relied on by the majority in [607] and [608] ofthe Award as being particularly apposite to the proposed finding that Claimant was entirely or predominantly responsible for its loss in relation to the August 2004 Loan. The opposite is true. The case concerned Biwater'sfailed investment in rejuvenating and operating the Dar es Salaam water and sewerage systems. Biwater alleged a series of breaches ofthe relevant BIT that occurred between 13 May and 1 June 2005. While the tribunal concluded that each of the alleged breaches was proven, the fundamental difference between Biwaterand the present case is that the tribunal also found on the facts before it that Biwater's investment had been such a bad one that, well before 13 May 2005 (the date ofthe first alleged breach of the BIT), the investment had become of no economic value.13 That is to say, the state'sconduct had nothing to do with (i.e., had not","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa30","paragraphLabel":"30.","rectangle":"203, 848, 877, 423","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"62":{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2057,"columnEnd":2074,"xStart":95.53,"yStart":118.78,"xEnd":504.21000000000004,"yEnd":150.76,"text":"the loss the investment had been losL by the before the state investor because caused) its treaty obligations. breached","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"190, 237, 817, 64","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"63":{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":2025,"columnEnd":2030,"xStart":101.35,"yStart":672.97,"xEnd":332.51,"yEnd":682.48,"text":"Ibid (45], (48], [55], [59], [64], [65](a) and (b), [70]-[75].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn11","paragraphLabel":"11","rectangle":"202, 1344, 462, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"64":{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":2031,"columnEnd":2037,"xStart":100.41,"yStart":697.3,"xEnd":538.33,"yEnd":723.18,"text":"[i]Biwater Gau.ff(/'a nzania ) Limited Ltd v. Tanzania, [/i]ICSID Case No. ARB/05/22, Award, (24 July 2008) (RL- 493).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn12","paragraphLabel":"12","rectangle":"200, 1393, 875, 51","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"65":{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":2038,"columnEnd":2041,"xStart":101.17,"yStart":737.64,"xEnd":198.72,"yEnd":747.31,"text":"Ibid [15), (778), (792].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn13","paragraphLabel":"13","rectangle":"202, 1473, 194, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"66":{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2075,"columnEnd":2113,"xStart":68.49,"yStart":170.63,"xEnd":504.77,"yEnd":241.64,"text":"By comparison, in the case, it was not properly open to the to conclude majority present that the August 2004 Loan, when made on 19 2004, would not or could not be August repaid in the of Respondent's unlawful and thus that Claimant caused conduct, absence its own loss by making the Loan.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa31","paragraphLabel":"31.","rectangle":"136, 340, 872, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"68":{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2114,"columnEnd":2240,"xStart":69.7,"yStart":262.16,"xEnd":508.03,"yEnd":512.68,"text":"Although Russia's Ministry of Justice announced its plan to sell YNG on 21 July 2004 (three weeks after the last draw d own on the December 2003 Loan), Claimant had no knowledge when it advanced the August 2004 Loan that the later YNG auction would be rigged, and that YNG's assets would be sold for a song. Had YNG's assets been sold\nproperly, there would unquestionably have been sufficient funds to cover the August 2004 Loan. As to this, [139] and {140] of the Award set out details of the DKW valuation of the seized YNG assets. That valuation also stated that, even if future tax and environmental liabilities were accounted for, the value range would be between USO 15.7 and 18.3 billion. Respondent's later tax assessments [i](i.e., [/i]those that come after the loans were advanced), would have reduced these amounts by less than USD [i]5 [/i]billion. It is to be recalled that YNG was valued by Rosneft at USO 55.78 billion at the end of 2005 in its prospectus for offering shares - [i]i.e., [/i]after YNG had been acquired by it through the rigged auction.[k]{fn14}[s]14[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa32","paragraphLabel":"32.","rectangle":"139, 523, 875, 501","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"69":{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2241,"columnEnd":2285,"xStart":71.7,"yStart":532.85,"xEnd":507.51000000000005,"yEnd":603.88,"text":"In addition, even though the possibility that Yukos Oil might have to enter into bankruptcy proceedings in the future was known when the August 2004 Loan was advanced, those bankruptcy proceedings were not commenced in Russia until March 2006, 18 months after the August 2004 Loan was advanced.[k]{fn15}[s]15[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa33","paragraphLabel":"33.","rectangle":"143, 1064, 870, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"70":{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2286,"columnEnd":2333,"xStart":71.95,"yStart":624.36,"xEnd":510.15,"yEnd":695.38,"text":"Against this background, the only proper conclusion is that Respondent's unlawful campaign against Yukos Oil and its unlawful acts against Claimant were the cause of Claimant's loss of the August 2004 Loan. The simple reason for this is that, on the balance of the evidence, the Loan would not have been lost had Russia not committed its","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa34","paragraphLabel":"34.","rectangle":"143, 1247, 876, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"71":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2360,"columnEnd":2401,"xStart":103.17,"yStart":110.94,"xEnd":514.22,"yEnd":242.56,"text":"campaign against Yukos Oil and expropriated Claimant'sinvestment. This is confirmed by the Tribunal'sconclusion (by majority ofMcLachlan/Rowley), that the factors set out in [781]: \n\n...provide overwhelmingevidence establishingthat, were it not for the Respondent's actions, the financial position ofYukos Oil would have been such as to enable it to repay Yukos Capital's Loan in full and to continue to make quarterly interest payments in accordance with its terms. A reasonable lender in the position ofYukos Capital would have so concluded and valued the FMV ofthe Loan at face value.[k]{fn16}[s]16[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"206, 221, 821, 263","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"72":{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2334,"columnEnd":2338,"xStart":73.41,"yStart":721.51,"xEnd":171.94,"yEnd":731.41,"text":"Award at [146), n. 146.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn14","paragraphLabel":"14","rectangle":"146, 1441, 197, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"73":{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2339,"columnEnd":2340,"xStart":73.61,"yStart":743.53,"xEnd":166.56,"yEnd":753.48,"text":"Award at (152]-[153].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn15","paragraphLabel":"15","rectangle":"147, 1485, 185, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"74":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2402,"columnEnd":2414,"xStart":76.06,"yStart":262.79,"xEnd":513.04,"yEnd":287.03,"text":"[b]DID CLAIMANT \"CONTRIBUTE\" TO ITS INJURY IN RELATION TO THE 2004 LOAN? [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hV","paragraphLabel":"V.","rectangle":"151, 525, 873, 48","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"75":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2415,"columnEnd":2472,"xStart":75.63,"yStart":306.14,"xEnd":513.98,"yEnd":437.13,"text":"Assuming the impropriety ofa conclusion that Claimant'sloss of the August 2004 Loan was \"entirely attributable to [its own conduct] and not at all to that ofthe \"responsible\" State [Russia]\"[k]{fn17}[s]17[/s][/k] the question ofwhether it should bear some of its own loss (because it contributed to it) turns on whether the dispute (i.e., arising from Respondent'sunlawful treatment of Claimant) was reasonably foreseeable at the time the Loan was made on 19 August 2004. This is because, absent Respondent's conduct which gave rise to the dispute, Claimant could have claimed in the bankruptcy and would likely have been paid.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa35","paragraphLabel":"35.","rectangle":"151, 611, 875, 262","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"76":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2473,"columnEnd":2496,"xStart":75.31,"yStart":457.17,"xEnd":513.14,"yEnd":508.8,"text":"The questions concerning contribution that the Tribunal put to the Parties prior to their closings all bore on the foreseeability of the dispute at the time Claimant's investments were made.[k]{fn18}[s]18[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa36","paragraphLabel":"36.","rectangle":"150, 913, 875, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"77":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2497,"columnEnd":2504,"xStart":75.31,"yStart":528.86,"xEnd":513.06,"yEnd":580.16,"text":"Claimant and Respondent agreed that the foreseeability ofthe dispute was relevant to the calculation ofdamages. Respondent also accepted that foreseeability cannot be assessed with hindsight.[k]{fn19}[s]19[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa37","paragraphLabel":"37.","rectangle":"150, 1056, 874, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"78":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2506,"columnEnd":2527,"xStart":75.31,"yStart":599.89,"xEnd":513.14,"yEnd":631.35,"text":"The majority concludes that: (a) there was a foreseeable risk that Claimant's investment might not be repaid from 27 May 2004; and (b) it was reasonably foreseeable on","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa38","paragraphLabel":"38.","rectangle":"150, 1198, 875, 63","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"79":{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2569,"columnEnd":2585,"xStart":120.8,"yStart":123.51,"xEnd":528.83,"yEnd":155.41,"text":"19 months 's 2004 Loan would August Claimant that later, three than less 2004, August be altogether. lost","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"241, 246, 815, 64","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"80":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2529,"columnEnd":2529,"xStart":75.89,"yStart":653.19,"xEnd":145.24,"yEnd":659.19,"text":"Award at [782).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn16","paragraphLabel":"16","rectangle":"151, 1304, 139, 12","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"81":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2530,"columnEnd":2543,"xStart":75.4,"yStart":675.42,"xEnd":513.29,"yEnd":711.23,"text":"ILC, [i]Draft articles on Responsibility ofStates for Internationally Wrongful Acts with commentaries [200 I] I [/i]BILC II (2)31, l lO n 627, [b](RL-240). [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn17","paragraphLabel":"17","rectangle":"150, 1349, 875, 71","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"82":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2544,"columnEnd":2544,"xStart":75.91,"yStart":714.96,"xEnd":145.53,"yEnd":720.96,"text":"Award at [563].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn18","paragraphLabel":"18","rectangle":"151, 1428, 139, 12","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"83":{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2546,"columnEnd":2547,"xStart":75.89,"yStart":737.04,"xEnd":145.53,"yEnd":746.56,"text":"Award at [570).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn19","paragraphLabel":"19","rectangle":"151, 1472, 139, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"84":{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2586,"columnEnd":2592,"xStart":94.09,"yStart":175.71,"xEnd":359.13,"yEnd":187.28,"text":"There are at least two problems with these findings.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa39","paragraphLabel":"39.","rectangle":"187, 351, 530, 23","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"85":{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2593,"columnEnd":2663,"xStart":94.44,"yStart":207.12,"xEnd":532.53,"yEnd":338.10999999999996,"text":"First, they do not focus on the actual dispute [i](i.e., [/i]whether Respondent' s conduct vis-a.vis Claimant, not Yukos Oil, constituted a breach of the ECT). Recall that the Tribunal limited its assessment of ECT breach to Respondent's treatment of Claimant' s claims under t he Loans and not the claims of its debtor Yukos Oil or other members of the Yukos Group. And Claimant's claims are limite d to the treatment it received from Respondent as it attempted to make its claims in Yukos Oil ' s bankruptcy as a creditor based on the Loans.[k]{fn20}[s]20[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa40","paragraphLabel":"40.","rectangle":"188, 413, 875, 262","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"86":{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2664,"columnEnd":2700,"xStart":97.08,"yStart":358.58,"xEnd":533.92,"yEnd":449.12,"text":"Second, the maj ority gives virtually no consideratio n in the Award as to the foreseeability of that dispute. With the exception of one paragraph ([ 695]), at no point in Part VII does the maj ority concern itself with whether it was reasonably foreseeable by Claimant, when it made the two Loans, that Respondent would attack it, as it did, when it later so ught to register its claims in Yukos Oil' s bankruptcy.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa41","paragraphLabel":"41.","rectangle":"193, 716, 873, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"87":{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2701,"columnEnd":2772,"xStart":98.92,"yStart":469.43,"xEnd":535.2800000000001,"yEnd":587.14,"text":"Dealing briefly with [695], the majority asserts that, on the date that Claimant advanced the August 2004 Loan (19 August 2004), it not only foresaw that Yukos Oil might be driven into bankruptcy, but it also foresaw:\n\nthat this was as a result of deliberate conduct on t he part of the Respondent, which was 'intent on destroying the entire company'. The foreseeability of such an intention would affect the totality of the assets of the Yukos Group on the territory of the Respondent.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa42","paragraphLabel":"42.","rectangle":"197, 937, 872, 235","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"88":{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2773,"columnEnd":2815,"xStart":101.61,"yStart":600.07,"xEnd":538.29,"yEnd":677.88,"text":"With respect, this assertion can only be attributed to Claimant (or Yukos Oil) with the aid of hindsight. It is now evident, from a detailed review of its behaviour over a three-year period (2004-2007), that Respondent was then determined to eradicate the Yukos Group after devouring its assets and distributing them to its favoured entities. But the record","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa43","paragraphLabel":"43.","rectangle":"202, 1198, 873, 156","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"89":{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2832,"columnEnd":2844,"xStart":128.45,"yStart":111.58,"xEnd":539.21,"yEnd":142.71,"text":"before the Tribunal as to what was happening in the spring and summer of2004 simply does not indicate that this was known at the time.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"256, 222, 821, 63","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"90":{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2816,"columnEnd":2817,"xStart":104.29,"yStart":748.86,"xEnd":190.47,"yEnd":758.55,"text":"Award at [4], [390] .","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn20","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"208, 1496, 172, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"91":{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2845,"columnEnd":2868,"xStart":101.64,"yStart":163.1,"xEnd":538.83,"yEnd":214.4,"text":"The majority says that it does not matter that the August 2004 Loan was made \"well before the Yukos Oil bankruptcy proceedings and the Respondent's measures against the Claimant in those proceedings\".[k]{fn21}[s]21[/s][/k] But with respect, it does matter.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"papa44","paragraphLabel":"44.","rectangle":"203, 325, 873, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"92":{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2869,"columnEnd":2905,"xStart":100.99,"yStart":234.79,"xEnd":538.03,"yEnd":305.59000000000003,"text":"Exactly what was happening and when is set out in useful detail at [114]-[153] of the Award. In broad sweep, it shows plainly that at the time the two Loans were advanced, what we now know was an unlawful campaign to acquire the Yukos Group'sassets was only just getting underway.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa45","paragraphLabel":"45.","rectangle":"201, 469, 873, 141","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"93":{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2906,"columnEnd":2927,"xStart":100.68,"yStart":326.3,"xEnd":538.66,"yEnd":377.6,"text":"The chronological data-points below (taken from the paragraphs cited above) show clearly that Claimant had no reasonable basis, either in late May or in mid-August 2004, to foresee either the present dispute or that either of the Loans would not be repaid.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46","paragraphLabel":"46.","rectangle":"201, 651, 875, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"94":{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2928,"columnEnd":2962,"xStart":127.73,"yStart":397.96,"xEnd":537.36,"yEnd":488.31,"text":"Only the first ofthe five Tax Assessments had reached a stage where Yukos Oil had been found liable for tax offences when the August 2004 Loan was made. The second Assessment (the 200I Tax Assessment) came to a decision on such liability only on 2 September 2004,[k]{fn22}[s]22[/s][/k] well after the two Loans had been made. All the others come later.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.i","paragraphLabel":"(i)","rectangle":"255, 795, 818, 180","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"95":{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2963,"columnEnd":3013,"xStart":127.15,"yStart":509.21,"xEnd":537.4,"yEnd":600.0,"text":"Initially, after it received the 2000 Tax Assessment, Yukos Oil's external Russian counsel stated in robust terms that it was so unmeritorious, and the extent of the tax: ministry's violations were so apparent that it would be \"impossible even for the most biased judge to support the clearly unlawful inspection act.\"[k]{fn23}[s]23[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.ii","paragraphLabel":"(ii)","rectangle":"254, 1017, 819, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"96":{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":3014,"columnEnd":3016,"xStart":99.41,"yStart":662.73,"xEnd":169.83,"yEnd":672.63,"text":"Award at [687].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn21","paragraphLabel":"21","rectangle":"198, 1324, 141, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"97":{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":3017,"columnEnd":3018,"xStart":99.4,"yStart":686.36,"xEnd":169.17000000000002,"yEnd":695.35,"text":"Award at [119].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn22","paragraphLabel":"22","rectangle":"198, 1371, 139, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"98":{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":3019,"columnEnd":3025,"xStart":99.33,"yStart":708.44,"xEnd":536.5699999999999,"yEnd":734.4,"text":"Award at [643], citing Summary ofthe tax inspection of OAO NK Yukos, Sergey Pepeliev (5 January 2004), 3 (R-577).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn23","paragraphLabel":"23","rectangle":"198, 1415, 873, 52","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"99":{"pageIdStart":14,"pageIdEnd":14,"columnStart":3046,"columnEnd":3082,"xStart":89.58,"yStart":120.54,"xEnd":499.44,"yEnd":210.85999999999999,"text":"Although the tax ministry's collection claim on the 2000 Tax Assessment was upheld by one judge of the Moscow [i]Arbitrazh [/i]Court on 26 May 2004, the effect [i](i.e., [/i]the enforceability) of that Assessment had previously been suspended (by another judge of the same court), and remained so until the suspension was annulled on 23 June 2004.24","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.iii","paragraphLabel":"(iii)","rectangle":"178, 240, 819, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"100":{"pageIdStart":14,"pageIdEnd":14,"columnStart":3083,"columnEnd":3225,"xStart":91.1,"yStart":231.64,"xEnd":503.7,"yEnd":567.34,"text":"On 17 June 2004, a day before an expected court ruling on the 2000 Tax Assessment, President Putin was reported in the New York Times as saying:\n\nRussian authorities, the government, and the economic officials of our\ncountry are not interested in seeing Yukos go bankrupt... The government will try to do everything not to topple this company.25\n\nThe majority expressed the view, \"based on its assessment of the Respondent's conduct to this date\", that \" little weight can be placed on this statement\". Given that this statement was made less than six months after the 2000 Tax Assessment, and long before the rigged auction of YNG's assets and the 2006 bankruptcy, the majority's \"view\" can only be hindsight based. In any event, it is well established that what governments say in these circumstances to and about investors matters (and can have consequences) in the context of investorstate disputes. It may now be a relatively common view that Mr Putin cannot wholly be trusted. But that was not so clear in the summer of 2004. Moreover, the fact that he made the statement on behalf of the government and the relevant Russian authorities was clearly intended to calm roiling markets and to be believed.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.iv","paragraphLabel":"(iv)","rectangle":"181, 462, 825, 671","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"101":{"pageIdStart":14,"pageIdEnd":14,"columnStart":3226,"columnEnd":3253,"xStart":95.65,"yStart":588.14,"xEnd":505.21,"yEnd":678.36,"text":"The New York Times reported further that shares ofYukos Oil jumped 42% on the news (of Mr Putin's statement) before trading was suspended for the day and gave details of settlement discussions between Yukos Oil and Russia. The market's reaction to Mr Putin's statement was signal ling the possibility of Yukos Oil's tax problems being resolved.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.v","paragraphLabel":"(v)","rectangle":"191, 1174, 818, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},"102":{"pageIdStart":14,"pageIdEnd":14,"columnStart":3254,"columnEnd":3256,"xStart":69.99,"yStart":722.48,"xEnd":163.64,"yEnd":732.63,"text":"24 at (125)-(126). 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24","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":8,"columnEnd":50,"xStart":123.81,"yStart":128.03,"xEnd":511.1,"yEnd":433.52000000000004,"text":"IN THE MATTER OF \nAN ARBITRATION PURSUANT TO \nARTICLE 26 OF THE ENERGY CHARTER TREATY  \n\nBEFORE \nA TRIBUNAL CONSTITUTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH \nTHE ARBITRATION RULES OF THE UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON\nINTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW OF 1976 \n\n- between- \n\nYUKOS CAPITAL LIMITED \n(formerly YUKOS CAPITAL S.A.R.L.)\n\n(the Claimant) \n -and- \nTHE RUSSIAN FEDERATION \n\n([b]the Respondent and, together with the Claimant, the Parties) [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"247, 255, 774, 611","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":51,"columnEnd":53,"xStart":182.28,"yStart":482.33,"xEnd":461.03999999999996,"yEnd":495.49,"text":"[b]DISSENTING OPINION OF J. WILLIAM ROWLEY QC[/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"364, 963, 557, 26","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":54,"columnEnd":55,"xStart":279.58,"yStart":518.39,"xEnd":364.07000000000005,"yEnd":530.5699999999999,"text":"[b]Arbitral Tribunal [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"558, 1035, 169, 24","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":56,"columnEnd":73,"xStart":201.28,"yStart":545.13,"xEnd":446.26,"yEnd":629.5699999999999,"text":"Professor Campbell McLachlan Q C (Chairman)\nMr J William Rowley QC\nProfessor Brigitte Stem\n\nMr Jack L W Wass, Assistant to the Tribunal\n\nMs Helen F Brown, Assistant Secretary to the Tribunal","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"402, 1089, 489, 168","alignment":1,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":74,"columnEnd":112,"xStart":385.08,"yStart":637.87,"xEnd":502.45,"yEnd":771.9599999999999,"text":"[u]Respondent's Counsel[/u]\n\nMs Samantha J Rowe\nMs Aimee-Jane Lee\nMr Conway Blake\nMr Maxim Osadchiy\nMs Monika Hlavkova\nMs Sonja Sreckovic\nMs Svetlana Portman\n[i]Debevotse & Plimpton LLP[/i]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"769, 1274, 234, 268","alignment":0,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":76,"columnEnd":109,"xStart":133.39,"yStart":642.0,"xEnd":282.25,"yEnd":764.54,"text":"[u]Counsel Claimant's [/u]\n\nMr Cyrus Benson\nMs Penny Madden QC\nMs Ceyda Knoebel\nMr Piers Plumptre\nMs Sophy Helgesen\nMs Sasha Kobyasheva\nMr Theo Tyrrell\n[i]Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher UK LLP[/i]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"266, 1282, 297, 245","alignment":0,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":125,"columnEnd":126,"xStart":96.15,"yStart":135.03,"xEnd":215.79,"yEnd":146.77,"text":"[b]INTRODUCTION [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hI","paragraphLabel":"I.","rectangle":"192, 269, 239, 24","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":127,"columnEnd":185,"xStart":97.31,"yStart":165.83,"xEnd":532.36,"yEnd":277.16999999999996,"text":"I am in agreement with large parts ofthe Award, including the findings the establishing liability under the ECT. I also agree with the conclusion that Claimant is Respondent's entitled to on for its loss of the value of the December 2003 Loan in the compensati amount of USO plus interest, as set out in [6] of the Disposition. 2,630,706,272.17, However, I consider that the liability to the Claimant goes compensate Respondent's beyond these amounts.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa1","paragraphLabel":"1.","rectangle":"194, 331, 869, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":186,"columnEnd":221,"xStart":96.5,"yStart":297.34,"xEnd":533.3100000000001,"yEnd":388.53000000000003,"text":"My differencewith my esteemed colleagues concerns their conclusions that: (a) only 50% ofthe sums advanced by Claimant after 26 May 2004 on the December 2003 Loan is (because Claimant contributed equally to its loss); and (b) Claimant'sloss on recoverable its August 2004 Loan is in these (because Claimant alone proceedings irrecoverable caused its loss).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa2","paragraphLabel":"2.","rectangle":"192, 594, 873, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":222,"columnEnd":224,"xStart":97.07,"yStart":409.03,"xEnd":276.75,"yEnd":420.38,"text":"These conclusions are untenable.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa3","paragraphLabel":"3.","rectangle":"193, 817, 359, 22","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":225,"columnEnd":253,"xStart":97.01,"yStart":440.06,"xEnd":533.47,"yEnd":530.9399999999999,"text":"As regards the ofthe loss ofthe August 2004 Loan, there is no credible irrecoverability legal support for the majority'sdecision. No cases were cited in which an investor-state tribunal has everconcluded that an investor is entitled to no compensation where (as here) its loss would not have occurred in the absence ofthe impugned conduct ofthe host state. This almost certainly means that there are no such cases.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa4","paragraphLabel":"4.","rectangle":"193, 879, 872, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":254,"columnEnd":271,"xStart":97.91,"yStart":551.93,"xEnd":533.98,"yEnd":602.62,"text":"The majority contends that \"A finding that the proximate cause ofthe claimant's loss is his own actions has been dispositive in a number ofcases, despite findings ofculpability on the part of the respondent.\"[k]{fn1}[s]1[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa5","paragraphLabel":"5.","rectangle":"195, 1102, 871, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":272,"columnEnd":307,"xStart":98.3,"yStart":622.79,"xEnd":534.47,"yEnd":713.65,"text":"These cases relied on for this contention are discussed below where I deal with the August 2004 Loan. However, they provide no support for the majority's conclusion that should be freed ofits treaty obligation to compensate for its effective taking Respondent of the August 2004 Loan. The cases cited all concern which became investments worthless, or had been lost (either by reason ofthe investor'sown mistakes, mismanaged","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa6","paragraphLabel":"6.","rectangle":"196, 1244, 871, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":308,"columnEnd":309,"xStart":99.57,"yStart":743.31,"xEnd":165.27,"yEnd":752.5,"text":"Award at [606].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn1","paragraphLabel":"1","rectangle":"198, 1484, 132, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":322,"columnEnd":350,"xStart":125.63,"yStart":111.47,"xEnd":536.1700000000001,"yEnd":162.55,"text":"or bad luck) before the relevant respondent state was alleged to have breached its treaty obligation. In the only case where a treaty breach was actually found, it occurred only after the investment had become valueless, thus causing no loss.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"250, 222, 821, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":351,"columnEnd":386,"xStart":98.56,"yStart":182.88,"xEnd":537.85,"yEnd":294.41,"text":"As regards the conclusion that Claimant contributed (to the extent of50%) to the loss of the advances it made under the December 2003 Loan after 26 May 2004, the majority errs (as discussed below) by failing to take into account that, on the record before the Tribunal, even if Yukos Oil were to face bankruptcy it would have had sufficient assets to repay the December 2003 Loan absent Respondent's unlawful acts against it and against Claimant.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa7","paragraphLabel":"7.","rectangle":"196, 365, 878, 223","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":387,"columnEnd":399,"xStart":98.73,"yStart":314.41,"xEnd":536.31,"yEnd":365.77000000000004,"text":"Put differently, even ifthe majority was correct to conclude that Claimant was negligent in making the final three advances on the December 2003 Loan, that negligence was not causative ofits loss.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa8","paragraphLabel":"8.","rectangle":"197, 628, 874, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":400,"columnEnd":408,"xStart":98.07,"yStart":392.14,"xEnd":536.71,"yEnd":416.66,"text":"[b]THE EFFECT OF THE MAJORITY'S CONCLUSIONS ON CONTRIBUTION/ CAUSATION [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hII","paragraphLabel":"II.","rectangle":"195, 783, 877, 49","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":409,"columnEnd":432,"xStart":98.4,"yStart":435.68,"xEnd":535.49,"yEnd":486.72,"text":"Before turning to the more detailed discussion of the majority's contribution/causation analysis of the two loans, the effect of the majority's conclusions makes plain the majority'serror.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa9","paragraphLabel":"9.","rectangle":"196, 870, 873, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":433,"columnEnd":483,"xStart":99.56,"yStart":507.04,"xEnd":536.69,"yEnd":598.09,"text":"In the case of the December 2003 Loan, RUB 3,916,683,000.00 was advanced after 26 May 2004 (drawdowns of 16, 22 and 28 June 2004). The effect ofthe majority's 50% discount on Claimant's compensation for this component of its December 2003 Loan enables Respondent and its designees to retain and be unjustly enriched by RUB 1,958,341,500.00, or approximately USD 66,610,255.10[k]{fn2}2[/k] of Claimant's funds.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa10","paragraphLabel":"10.","rectangle":"198, 1012, 874, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":484,"columnEnd":516,"xStart":99.76,"yStart":618.42,"xEnd":537.78,"yEnd":669.77,"text":"In the case of the August 2004 Loan of USD 355 million, the effect of the majority's holding that Claimant was entirely responsible for this loss enables Respondent and its designees to retain and be unjustly enriched by the whole ofthe USD 355,000,000.00.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa11","paragraphLabel":"11","rectangle":"199, 1235, 875, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":517,"columnEnd":534,"xStart":98.72,"yStart":731.54,"xEnd":535.75,"yEnd":752.0699999999999,"text":"The same exchange rate as that set out at (789} of the Award is applied here, namely 29.40 Russian roubles to 1 US dollar.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn2","paragraphLabel":"2","rectangle":"197, 1461, 873, 41","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":549,"columnEnd":625,"xStart":99.77,"yStart":116.81,"xEnd":534.64,"yEnd":267.21000000000004,"text":"A conclusion that Respondent should not be held to its treaty obligation to compensate Claimant for the taking ofthe entirety of its two loans and the associated contractual and pre-award interest (i.e., to have its obligation to compensate Claimant reduced by at least the principal sum of USD 42I,610,255.10) cannot be correct in circumstances where Claimant would almost certainly have been repaid in full had Respondent: (a) not sold Yukos Oil's YNG to Rosneft in a rigged auction for a fraction of its true worth in a transaction that was acknowledged to be a practical nationalisation;[k]{fn3}[s]3[/s][/k] and (b) not treated Claimant unlawfully in Yukos Oil 's eventual bankruptcy proceedings.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa12","paragraphLabel":"12.","rectangle":"199, 233, 869, 300","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":626,"columnEnd":638,"xStart":98.14,"yStart":292.88,"xEnd":534.72,"yEnd":318.09999999999997,"text":"[b]DID CLAIMANT \"CONTRIBUTE\" TO [/b]ITS INJURY IN [b]RELATION TO THE DECEMBER 2003 LOAN? [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hIII","paragraphLabel":"III","rectangle":"196, 585, 872, 50","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":639,"columnEnd":705,"xStart":99.25,"yStart":337.95,"xEnd":534.59,"yEnd":488.0,"text":"When perfonning a comparative contribution-to-loss analysis between an investor and, in this case, as found, a state which (in its relevant treaty breaches) intended to destroy the investor'sability to recover its investment, a tribunal should be very sure that it does not engage in hindsight as to what was foreseeable. In the case ofdoubt or uncertainty, it is certainly proper to give the innocent investor the benefit ofthe doubt over a state that has intended in its unlawful actions to injure the investor. A tribunal must also detennine whether the risk foreseen would have occurred in the absence of the host state acting unlawfully. Ifnot, the foreseen risk would not be causative ofloss.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa13","paragraphLabel":"13.","rectangle":"198, 675, 869, 299","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":706,"columnEnd":754,"xStart":99.57,"yStart":508.5,"xEnd":534.97,"yEnd":659.2199999999999,"text":"The majority's holding that the Claimant should bear 50% of its loss in relation to the three drawdowns that remained to be made after 26 May 2004 is based on the conclusion that \"there was a reasonably foreseeable risk that the Claimant'sinvestment might not be repaid from 27 May 2004\".[k]{fn4}[s]4[/s][/k] This assessment offoreseeability was based on and limited to the possibility that Yukos Oil might have to declare bankruptcy. No consideration was given as to the prospects for Claimant to recover its loan in such a future bankruptcy. Nor did the majority consider the foreseeability ofany treaty breach by Respondent in relation to Claimant's December 2003 Loan, including its ability to recover its loan in a","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa14","paragraphLabel":"14.","rectangle":"198, 1015, 870, 301","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":755,"columnEnd":757,"xStart":98.03,"yStart":718.58,"xEnd":189.1,"yEnd":728.38,"text":"Award at [138]-[146].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn3","paragraphLabel":"3","rectangle":"195, 1435, 182, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":758,"columnEnd":759,"xStart":98.13,"yStart":741.77,"xEnd":164.7,"yEnd":750.78,"text":"Award at (677).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn4","paragraphLabel":"4","rectangle":"196, 1481, 133, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":774,"columnEnd":788,"xStart":129.6,"yStart":111.4,"xEnd":539.57,"yEnd":142.73,"text":"bankruptcy proceeding absent any unlawful action by Respondent. These omissions constitute a fundamental error. Finally, no real attempt was made to justify a 50% figure.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"258, 222, 819, 63","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":789,"columnEnd":847,"xStart":103.21,"yStart":163.16,"xEnd":541.65,"yEnd":274.26,"text":"The majority placed much weight on the 26 May 2004 decision of one judge in the Moscow Arbitrazh Court to uphold the first Tax Assessment (the 2000 Tax Assessment) and Yukos Oil's statement the next day, on 27 May 2004, that it faced the risk of bankruptcy. It says that these facts \"should have given a reasonable lender in Yukos Capital'sposition cause to consider whether it was prudent for it to continue to advance loans under the December 2003 Loan Agreement.\" [k]{fn5}[s]5[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"papa15","paragraphLabel":"15.","rectangle":"206, 325, 876, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":848,"columnEnd":877,"xStart":103.4,"yStart":295.01,"xEnd":540.12,"yEnd":366.1,"text":"At [683] ofthe Award, the majority states that \"the Tribunal considers that the Claimant was negligent in safeguarding its own interests as lender\", and at [684] it says that \"(t]he Tribunal considers that the Claimant'sfailure in this respect equally contributed to this part ofthe loss along with the Respondent'ssubsequent breaches ofthe treaty.\"","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa16","paragraphLabel":"16.","rectangle":"206, 589, 873, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":878,"columnEnd":912,"xStart":103.12,"yStart":386.2,"xEnd":540.01,"yEnd":457.29,"text":"With respect, this is an untenable conclusion and outcome. The majority gave no consideration to Claimant'sability to recover its loan in any bankruptcy proceeding that might be instituted. There was no suggestion that Respondent's future unlawful acts against Claimant could be foreseen. And the conclusion ignores the important facts that:","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17","paragraphLabel":"17.","rectangle":"206, 771, 872, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":913,"columnEnd":932,"xStart":129.67,"yStart":477.63,"xEnd":539.44,"yEnd":528.8100000000001,"text":"Yukos Oil had been advised in very plain tenns by its outside lawyers that there was utterly no merit in the 2000 Tax Assessment (discussed further below in relation to the August 2004 Loan);","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.i","paragraphLabel":"(i)","rectangle":"259, 954, 818, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":933,"columnEnd":949,"xStart":129.61,"yStart":548.65,"xEnd":539.96,"yEnd":600.1700000000001,"text":"anotherjudge ofthe MoscowArbitrazh Court had, on 19 May 2004, suspended the 2000 Tax Assessment, and that this suspension remained in force as at the 26 May 2004 court ruling;","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.ii","paragraphLabel":"(ii)","rectangle":"258, 1096, 820, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":950,"columnEnd":956,"xStart":129.56,"yStart":620.64,"xEnd":540.7,"yEnd":671.84,"text":"even ifYukos Oil were to declare bankruptcy, atthis stage ofevents (well before Respondent's unlawful behaviour in relation to the rigged YNG auction) Yukos Oil had more than enough assets (details below) to pay the 2000 Tax Assessment","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.iii","paragraphLabel":"(iii)","rectangle":"258, 1239, 822, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":957,"columnEnd":958,"xStart":102.87,"yStart":736.43,"xEnd":168.97,"yEnd":746.34,"text":"Award at [682],","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn5","paragraphLabel":"5","rectangle":"205, 1471, 132, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":974,"columnEnd":987,"xStart":163.81,"yStart":117.19,"xEnd":530.2099999999999,"yEnd":149.64,"text":"should lhe assessment survive the Oil had Yukos challenge penalties and any it; against launched","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"327, 234, 732, 64","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":988,"columnEnd":1035,"xStart":122.28,"yStart":170.36,"xEnd":531.74,"yEnd":261.3,"text":"on 17 June the day its next on the Loan, advance made Claimant after 2004, a ) that was evidently below (details statement strong made Putin President to reassure concerned foreign that the Russian authorities, the investors designed and the of the country not in interested were officials economic government Oil go and bankrupt; Yukos seeing","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.iv","paragraphLabel":"(iv)","rectangle":"244, 340, 818, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1036,"columnEnd":1058,"xStart":123.78,"yStart":281.75,"xEnd":532.69,"yEnd":332.34999999999997,"text":"the last two advances on the December 2003 (as required in the made were Loan the that widely Putin's President followed week during Agreement) Loan [i](i.e., [/i]on 22 and 28 June 2004). reassurance reported","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa17.v","paragraphLabel":"(v)","rectangle":"247, 562, 817, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1059,"columnEnd":1165,"xStart":98.27,"yStart":353.84,"xEnd":534.49,"yEnd":534.97,"text":"On facts, it be to that nt's decision to the complete Claima conclude wrong must these was let of sufficient risk as would alone negligent, Agreement Loan 2003 December to with for its loss. It is true that Respondent responsibility equal share Claimant require Oil was subjected to reassessment by the tax on how it authorities Russian being Yukos had self-assessed its taxes for its 2000 and 200 1 tax But this happens every day in years. country in the and it is not for to continue to deal counterparties negligent world every with who are tax It is only if the has counterparty negligent audits. facing companies to believe there is in the and that its borrower will not be able to repay audit merit reason a loan if, in the end, it is that it has to pay the tax. found","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa18","paragraphLabel":"18.","rectangle":"196, 706, 871, 362","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1166,"columnEnd":1173,"xStart":99.37,"yStart":550.86,"xEnd":535.45,"yEnd":574.82,"text":"[b]OUGHT CLAIMANT TO BEAR THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE LOSS\nOF ITS AUGUST 2004 LOAN?[/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hIV","paragraphLabel":"IV.","rectangle":"198, 1100, 871, 48","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1174,"columnEnd":1210,"xStart":100.91,"yStart":594.1,"xEnd":536.57,"yEnd":685.22,"text":"Having assessed Claimant's loss on a foreseeability/contribution based analysis for the\nDecember 2003 Loan, the majority moves to a foreseeability/break-in-the-chain analysis\nof the August 2004 Loan. That Loan was made on 19 August 2004, less than two months\nafter President Putin's announcement and the date Claimant made its final advances on\nthe December 2003 Loan.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa19","paragraphLabel":"19.","rectangle":"201, 1186, 870, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1211,"columnEnd":1249,"xStart":101.12,"yStart":705.78,"xEnd":537.8,"yEnd":756.5799999999999,"text":"The relevant cases and the ILC (in its on A) it clear that it is make ARSIW Commentary only proper to a contribution-based our of a break-in-the-chain in fav analysis abandon , on the facts of a it is that the loss was investor's clear case, particular where analysis","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa20","paragraphLabel":"20.","rectangle":"202, 1410, 872, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1264,"columnEnd":1287,"xStart":130.65,"yStart":110.94,"xEnd":542.0200000000001,"yEnd":161.60000000000002,"text":"incurred (or was inevitable) solely or predominantly because of its own conduct (or improvidence) before its investment was affected by the impugned conduct of the host state.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"261, 221, 821, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1288,"columnEnd":1312,"xStart":103.22,"yStart":182.3,"xEnd":540.62,"yEnd":233.59,"text":"As noted above, no case was cited in which a tribunal has determined that an investor is entitled to no compensation where its loss would not have been incurred in the absence ofthe impugned conduct ofthe host state.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa21","paragraphLabel":"21.","rectangle":"206, 364, 874, 102","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1313,"columnEnd":1366,"xStart":103.2,"yStart":253.98,"xEnd":541.11,"yEnd":365.12,"text":"At [606] and [607] ofthe Award, reference is made to a number ofcases in which other tribunals are said to have concluded that the relevant investor caused its own loss (and thus was entitled to no compensation from the relevant state) despite the fact that the state in question has also been found culpable. The paragraphs wrongly suggest that these cases are good precedents for the majority'sconclusion that Claimant should receive no compensation for the loss ofits August 2004 loan.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa22","paragraphLabel":"22.","rectangle":"206, 507, 874, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1367,"columnEnd":1414,"xStart":102.58,"yStart":385.17,"xEnd":540.51,"yEnd":516.16,"text":"These paragraphs give the wrong impression as to the findings in the cited cases and what they stand for. This is because, in each ofthese cases, the relevant investor'sloss: (a) had accrued or become inevitable before the allegedly wrongful act of the state; and (b) no part ofthe relevant investor's loss flowed from orwas made worse by any subsequent act of the state. Thus, each ofthese cases is fundamentally different from the present case, where the only reason Yukos Oil faced (and was ultimately driven into) bankruptcy and Claimant lost its investments was the internationally unlawful acts ofRespondent.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa23","paragraphLabel":"23.","rectangle":"204, 769, 875, 262","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1415,"columnEnd":1466,"xStart":102.25,"yStart":536.55,"xEnd":541.49,"yEnd":647.68,"text":"Put differently, Claimant did not make its August 2004 Loan to Yukos Oil when it was, through its own fault or mismanagement, unable to repay the Loan. Yukos Oil only became unable to repay, and Claimantonly became unable to claim as a creditor in Yukos Oil's bankruptcy, because ofmultiple acts by Respondent in breach ofthe ECT, most of which occurred after both the December 2003 and August 2004 Loans had been made. The relevant factual chronology is set out at [46] below.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa24","paragraphLabel":"24.","rectangle":"204, 1071, 877, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1467,"columnEnd":1494,"xStart":101.61,"yStart":667.74,"xEnd":539.47,"yEnd":718.7299999999999,"text":"In this case, had Respondent not acted against Yukos Oil and Claimant as it did, Yukos Oil would unquestionably have been able to repay both the December 2003 and the August 2004 Loans and Claimant would have suffered no loss.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa25","paragraphLabel":"25.","rectangle":"202, 1334, 875, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1510,"columnEnd":1561,"xStart":95.6,"yStart":116.42,"xEnd":531.5600000000001,"yEnd":207.69,"text":"The cases cited by the majority in [606] and [607] are summarised briefly below. I respectfully suggest that these cases do not support the conclusion that the loss suffered by Claimant in relation to the August 2004 Loan was entirely or predominantly attributable to its own conduct such that Respondent can properly be released of any responsibility for its unlawful treatment ofClaimant.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa26","paragraphLabel":"26.","rectangle":"190, 232, 871, 182","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1562,"columnEnd":1622,"xStart":95.82,"yStart":227.79,"xEnd":531.71,"yEnd":338.91,"text":"[b][u]ELSI[/u]:[k]{fn6}[s]6[/s][/k] [/b]In this case, the ICJ Chamber concluded that, prior to the \"requisition\" (the impugned act), ELSI was in an actual or virtual state of insolvency which had been brought about entirely by reason ofits own mismanagement ofits business. In any event, even though the requisition had no deleterious effect on ELSI'sbusiness (indeed it likely helped it), the Chamber was unable to see anything which could be said to amount to a violation ofthe relevant Article ofthe FCN Treaty by reason ofthe requisition.7","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa27","paragraphLabel":"27.","rectangle":"191, 455, 871, 222","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1623,"columnEnd":1732,"xStart":95.43,"yStart":358.99,"xEnd":532.8100000000001,"yEnd":550.0999999999999,"text":"[b][u]MAFFEZINI v. SPAIN[/b][/u]:[k]{fn8}[s]8[/s][/k] Here, the tribunal concluded that the losses suffered by Mr Maffezini [i](i.e., [/i]as the result of the failure of his investment in Spain) were not the result of allegedly wrong advice regarding the costs of the project given by a Spanish state entity (one offour alleged breaches ofthe relevant BIT). Rather, the tribunal held that the state entity was not carrying out a public function - hence Spain had committed no BIT breach. It was in this context that the Tribunal observed that BITs were not insurance policies against bad business judgements and that Spain could not be held responsible for Mr Maffezini's own business losses.9 But this cannot be taken to suggest that BIT's do not constitute a form of insurance against the BIT state signatories' contravening the treaty in its treatment ofa qualifying investor.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa28","paragraphLabel":"28.","rectangle":"190, 717, 874, 381","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1733,"columnEnd":1757,"xStart":95.53,"yStart":570.18,"xEnd":533.57,"yEnd":621.14,"text":"[b][u]OLGUIN v. PARAGUAY[/b][/u]:[k]{fn10}[s]10 [/s][/k]Mr Olguin invested in a project in Paraguay. In so doing, he lost the funds he deposited with a finance company when it went bankrupt. The funds were being held on deposit pending their commitment to the project. Four allegations of","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa29","paragraphLabel":"29.","rectangle":"190, 1139, 875, 101","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1758,"columnEnd":1765,"xStart":95.67,"yStart":652.03,"xEnd":531.75,"yEnd":661.49,"text":"[i]Elellronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI ) (UnitedStates ofAmerica v Italy), Judgment, ICJ Reports [/i]1989, p. 15 [b](CL-99). [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn6","paragraphLabel":"6","rectangle":"191, 1302, 871, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1766,"columnEnd":1771,"xStart":95.71,"yStart":673.91,"xEnd":246.52,"yEnd":683.91,"text":"7 Ibid (65], (66], (83], (92], [99], [100].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn7","paragraphLabel":"7","rectangle":"191, 1346, 301, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1772,"columnEnd":1774,"xStart":95.76,"yStart":697.52,"xEnd":491.37,"yEnd":706.2900000000001,"text":"8 [i]Emilio Agustin Maff ezini v Spain, ICSID Case No ARB/97/7, Award [/i](13 November 2000) (RL-287).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn8","paragraphLabel":"8","rectangle":"191, 1393, 790, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1775,"columnEnd":1777,"xStart":95.8,"yStart":719.31,"xEnd":217.42000000000002,"yEnd":728.7099999999999,"text":"9 lbid [39], [40]-[44], (62)-(64).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn9","paragraphLabel":"9","rectangle":"191, 1437, 243, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1778,"columnEnd":1782,"xStart":96.36,"yStart":741.68,"xEnd":449.23,"yEnd":750.78,"text":"10 [i]Eudoro Armando Olgui n [/i][i]v [/i][i]Paraguay, ICSID Case No. ARB/98/5, Award (26 [/i]July 2001).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn10","paragraphLabel":"10","rectangle":"192, 1481, 705, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":1794,"columnEnd":1912,"xStart":129.18,"yStart":113.81,"xEnd":540.8199999999999,"yEnd":404.55,"text":"breach ofthe relevant BIT were made. The allegations, which concerned the lost deposit, were all rejected by the tribunal. It held that the finance company went bankrupt because of the irregular conduct of its managers, not by reason ofunlawful conduct of the state. While the tribunal noted that the finance company's bankruptcy might have been prevented had Paraguay's financial regulators performed better, this did not amount to a breach of the BIT. but simply reflected the rather lax regulation of financial institutions in Paraguay at the time the investment was made. This obiter observation by the tribunal was not a finding that the state was the cause ofMr Olguin'sloss. The tribunal also noted that Mr Olguin had his reasons for investing in Paraguay and it was not reasonable for him (an accomplished businessman, with a track record as an entrepreneur going back many years, etc.) to seek compensation for losses he suffered on making a speculative, or at best, a not very prudent investment. The key take-away from this case is that Paraguay was found not to have breached the BIT in any way and that Mr Olguin had to bear the same risks as anyone else who put money on deposit with a financial institution in Paraguay at that time.[k]{fn11}[s]11[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"258, 227, 822, 581","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":1913,"columnEnd":2024,"xStart":101.84,"yStart":424.8,"xEnd":541.0,"yEnd":636.63,"text":"[b][u]BIWATER v. TANZANIA[/u]:[/b]1[k]{fn12}[s]2[/s][/k] This case is relied on by the majority in [607] and [608] ofthe Award as being particularly apposite to the proposed finding that Claimant was entirely or predominantly responsible for its loss in relation to the August 2004 Loan. The opposite is true. The case concerned Biwater'sfailed investment in rejuvenating and operating the Dar es Salaam water and sewerage systems. Biwater alleged a series of breaches ofthe relevant BIT that occurred between 13 May and 1 June 2005. While the tribunal concluded that each of the alleged breaches was proven, the fundamental difference between Biwaterand the present case is that the tribunal also found on the facts before it that Biwater's investment had been such a bad one that, well before 13 May 2005 (the date ofthe first alleged breach of the BIT), the investment had become of no economic value.13 That is to say, the state'sconduct had nothing to do with (i.e., had not","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa30","paragraphLabel":"30.","rectangle":"203, 848, 877, 423","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":2025,"columnEnd":2030,"xStart":101.35,"yStart":672.97,"xEnd":332.51,"yEnd":682.48,"text":"Ibid (45], (48], [55], [59], [64], [65](a) and (b), [70]-[75].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn11","paragraphLabel":"11","rectangle":"202, 1344, 462, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":2031,"columnEnd":2037,"xStart":100.41,"yStart":697.3,"xEnd":538.33,"yEnd":723.18,"text":"[i]Biwater Gau.ff(/'a nzania ) Limited Ltd v. Tanzania, [/i]ICSID Case No. ARB/05/22, Award, (24 July 2008) (RL- 493).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn12","paragraphLabel":"12","rectangle":"200, 1393, 875, 51","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":2038,"columnEnd":2041,"xStart":101.17,"yStart":737.64,"xEnd":198.72,"yEnd":747.31,"text":"Ibid [15), (778), (792].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn13","paragraphLabel":"13","rectangle":"202, 1473, 194, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2057,"columnEnd":2074,"xStart":95.53,"yStart":118.78,"xEnd":504.21000000000004,"yEnd":150.76,"text":"the loss the investment had been losL by the before the state investor because caused) its treaty obligations. breached","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"190, 237, 817, 64","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2075,"columnEnd":2113,"xStart":68.49,"yStart":170.63,"xEnd":504.77,"yEnd":241.64,"text":"By comparison, in the case, it was not properly open to the to conclude majority present that the August 2004 Loan, when made on 19 2004, would not or could not be August repaid in the of Respondent's unlawful and thus that Claimant caused conduct, absence its own loss by making the Loan.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa31","paragraphLabel":"31.","rectangle":"136, 340, 872, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2114,"columnEnd":2240,"xStart":69.7,"yStart":262.16,"xEnd":508.03,"yEnd":512.68,"text":"Although Russia's Ministry of Justice announced its plan to sell YNG on 21 July 2004 (three weeks after the last draw d own on the December 2003 Loan), Claimant had no knowledge when it advanced the August 2004 Loan that the later YNG auction would be rigged, and that YNG's assets would be sold for a song. Had YNG's assets been sold\nproperly, there would unquestionably have been sufficient funds to cover the August 2004 Loan. As to this, [139] and {140] of the Award set out details of the DKW valuation of the seized YNG assets. That valuation also stated that, even if future tax and environmental liabilities were accounted for, the value range would be between USO 15.7 and 18.3 billion. Respondent's later tax assessments [i](i.e., [/i]those that come after the loans were advanced), would have reduced these amounts by less than USD [i]5 [/i]billion. It is to be recalled that YNG was valued by Rosneft at USO 55.78 billion at the end of 2005 in its prospectus for offering shares - [i]i.e., [/i]after YNG had been acquired by it through the rigged auction.[k]{fn14}[s]14[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa32","paragraphLabel":"32.","rectangle":"139, 523, 875, 501","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2241,"columnEnd":2285,"xStart":71.7,"yStart":532.85,"xEnd":507.51000000000005,"yEnd":603.88,"text":"In addition, even though the possibility that Yukos Oil might have to enter into bankruptcy proceedings in the future was known when the August 2004 Loan was advanced, those bankruptcy proceedings were not commenced in Russia until March 2006, 18 months after the August 2004 Loan was advanced.[k]{fn15}[s]15[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa33","paragraphLabel":"33.","rectangle":"143, 1064, 870, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2286,"columnEnd":2333,"xStart":71.95,"yStart":624.36,"xEnd":510.15,"yEnd":695.38,"text":"Against this background, the only proper conclusion is that Respondent's unlawful campaign against Yukos Oil and its unlawful acts against Claimant were the cause of Claimant's loss of the August 2004 Loan. The simple reason for this is that, on the balance of the evidence, the Loan would not have been lost had Russia not committed its","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa34","paragraphLabel":"34.","rectangle":"143, 1247, 876, 142","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2334,"columnEnd":2338,"xStart":73.41,"yStart":721.51,"xEnd":171.94,"yEnd":731.41,"text":"Award at [146), n. 146.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn14","paragraphLabel":"14","rectangle":"146, 1441, 197, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":10,"pageIdEnd":10,"columnStart":2339,"columnEnd":2340,"xStart":73.61,"yStart":743.53,"xEnd":166.56,"yEnd":753.48,"text":"Award at (152]-[153].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn15","paragraphLabel":"15","rectangle":"147, 1485, 185, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2360,"columnEnd":2401,"xStart":103.17,"yStart":110.94,"xEnd":514.22,"yEnd":242.56,"text":"campaign against Yukos Oil and expropriated Claimant'sinvestment. This is confirmed by the Tribunal'sconclusion (by majority ofMcLachlan/Rowley), that the factors set out in [781]: \n\n...provide overwhelmingevidence establishingthat, were it not for the Respondent's actions, the financial position ofYukos Oil would have been such as to enable it to repay Yukos Capital's Loan in full and to continue to make quarterly interest payments in accordance with its terms. A reasonable lender in the position ofYukos Capital would have so concluded and valued the FMV ofthe Loan at face value.[k]{fn16}[s]16[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"206, 221, 821, 263","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2402,"columnEnd":2414,"xStart":76.06,"yStart":262.79,"xEnd":513.04,"yEnd":287.03,"text":"[b]DID CLAIMANT \"CONTRIBUTE\" TO ITS INJURY IN RELATION TO THE 2004 LOAN? [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hV","paragraphLabel":"V.","rectangle":"151, 525, 873, 48","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2415,"columnEnd":2472,"xStart":75.63,"yStart":306.14,"xEnd":513.98,"yEnd":437.13,"text":"Assuming the impropriety ofa conclusion that Claimant'sloss of the August 2004 Loan was \"entirely attributable to [its own conduct] and not at all to that ofthe \"responsible\" State [Russia]\"[k]{fn17}[s]17[/s][/k] the question ofwhether it should bear some of its own loss (because it contributed to it) turns on whether the dispute (i.e., arising from Respondent'sunlawful treatment of Claimant) was reasonably foreseeable at the time the Loan was made on 19 August 2004. This is because, absent Respondent's conduct which gave rise to the dispute, Claimant could have claimed in the bankruptcy and would likely have been paid.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa35","paragraphLabel":"35.","rectangle":"151, 611, 875, 262","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2473,"columnEnd":2496,"xStart":75.31,"yStart":457.17,"xEnd":513.14,"yEnd":508.8,"text":"The questions concerning contribution that the Tribunal put to the Parties prior to their closings all bore on the foreseeability of the dispute at the time Claimant's investments were made.[k]{fn18}[s]18[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa36","paragraphLabel":"36.","rectangle":"150, 913, 875, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2497,"columnEnd":2504,"xStart":75.31,"yStart":528.86,"xEnd":513.06,"yEnd":580.16,"text":"Claimant and Respondent agreed that the foreseeability ofthe dispute was relevant to the calculation ofdamages. Respondent also accepted that foreseeability cannot be assessed with hindsight.[k]{fn19}[s]19[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa37","paragraphLabel":"37.","rectangle":"150, 1056, 874, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2506,"columnEnd":2527,"xStart":75.31,"yStart":599.89,"xEnd":513.14,"yEnd":631.35,"text":"The majority concludes that: (a) there was a foreseeable risk that Claimant's investment might not be repaid from 27 May 2004; and (b) it was reasonably foreseeable on","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa38","paragraphLabel":"38.","rectangle":"150, 1198, 875, 63","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2529,"columnEnd":2529,"xStart":75.89,"yStart":653.19,"xEnd":145.24,"yEnd":659.19,"text":"Award at [782).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn16","paragraphLabel":"16","rectangle":"151, 1304, 139, 12","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2530,"columnEnd":2543,"xStart":75.4,"yStart":675.42,"xEnd":513.29,"yEnd":711.23,"text":"ILC, [i]Draft articles on Responsibility ofStates for Internationally Wrongful Acts with commentaries [200 I] I [/i]BILC II (2)31, l lO n 627, [b](RL-240). [/b]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn17","paragraphLabel":"17","rectangle":"150, 1349, 875, 71","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2544,"columnEnd":2544,"xStart":75.91,"yStart":714.96,"xEnd":145.53,"yEnd":720.96,"text":"Award at [563].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn18","paragraphLabel":"18","rectangle":"151, 1428, 139, 12","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":11,"pageIdEnd":11,"columnStart":2546,"columnEnd":2547,"xStart":75.89,"yStart":737.04,"xEnd":145.53,"yEnd":746.56,"text":"Award at [570).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn19","paragraphLabel":"19","rectangle":"151, 1472, 139, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2569,"columnEnd":2585,"xStart":120.8,"yStart":123.51,"xEnd":528.83,"yEnd":155.41,"text":"19 months 's 2004 Loan would August Claimant that later, three than less 2004, August be altogether. lost","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"241, 246, 815, 64","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2586,"columnEnd":2592,"xStart":94.09,"yStart":175.71,"xEnd":359.13,"yEnd":187.28,"text":"There are at least two problems with these findings.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa39","paragraphLabel":"39.","rectangle":"187, 351, 530, 23","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2593,"columnEnd":2663,"xStart":94.44,"yStart":207.12,"xEnd":532.53,"yEnd":338.10999999999996,"text":"First, they do not focus on the actual dispute [i](i.e., [/i]whether Respondent' s conduct vis-a.vis Claimant, not Yukos Oil, constituted a breach of the ECT). Recall that the Tribunal limited its assessment of ECT breach to Respondent's treatment of Claimant' s claims under t he Loans and not the claims of its debtor Yukos Oil or other members of the Yukos Group. And Claimant's claims are limite d to the treatment it received from Respondent as it attempted to make its claims in Yukos Oil ' s bankruptcy as a creditor based on the Loans.[k]{fn20}[s]20[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa40","paragraphLabel":"40.","rectangle":"188, 413, 875, 262","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2664,"columnEnd":2700,"xStart":97.08,"yStart":358.58,"xEnd":533.92,"yEnd":449.12,"text":"Second, the maj ority gives virtually no consideratio n in the Award as to the foreseeability of that dispute. With the exception of one paragraph ([ 695]), at no point in Part VII does the maj ority concern itself with whether it was reasonably foreseeable by Claimant, when it made the two Loans, that Respondent would attack it, as it did, when it later so ught to register its claims in Yukos Oil' s bankruptcy.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa41","paragraphLabel":"41.","rectangle":"193, 716, 873, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2701,"columnEnd":2772,"xStart":98.92,"yStart":469.43,"xEnd":535.2800000000001,"yEnd":587.14,"text":"Dealing briefly with [695], the majority asserts that, on the date that Claimant advanced the August 2004 Loan (19 August 2004), it not only foresaw that Yukos Oil might be driven into bankruptcy, but it also foresaw:\n\nthat this was as a result of deliberate conduct on t he part of the Respondent, which was 'intent on destroying the entire company'. The foreseeability of such an intention would affect the totality of the assets of the Yukos Group on the territory of the Respondent.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa42","paragraphLabel":"42.","rectangle":"197, 937, 872, 235","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2773,"columnEnd":2815,"xStart":101.61,"yStart":600.07,"xEnd":538.29,"yEnd":677.88,"text":"With respect, this assertion can only be attributed to Claimant (or Yukos Oil) with the aid of hindsight. It is now evident, from a detailed review of its behaviour over a three-year period (2004-2007), that Respondent was then determined to eradicate the Yukos Group after devouring its assets and distributing them to its favoured entities. But the record","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa43","paragraphLabel":"43.","rectangle":"202, 1198, 873, 156","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2816,"columnEnd":2817,"xStart":104.29,"yStart":748.86,"xEnd":190.47,"yEnd":758.55,"text":"Award at [4], [390] .","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn20","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"208, 1496, 172, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2832,"columnEnd":2844,"xStart":128.45,"yStart":111.58,"xEnd":539.21,"yEnd":142.71,"text":"before the Tribunal as to what was happening in the spring and summer of2004 simply does not indicate that this was known at the time.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"256, 222, 821, 63","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2845,"columnEnd":2868,"xStart":101.64,"yStart":163.1,"xEnd":538.83,"yEnd":214.4,"text":"The majority says that it does not matter that the August 2004 Loan was made \"well before the Yukos Oil bankruptcy proceedings and the Respondent's measures against the Claimant in those proceedings\".[k]{fn21}[s]21[/s][/k] But with respect, it does matter.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"papa44","paragraphLabel":"44.","rectangle":"203, 325, 873, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2869,"columnEnd":2905,"xStart":100.99,"yStart":234.79,"xEnd":538.03,"yEnd":305.59000000000003,"text":"Exactly what was happening and when is set out in useful detail at [114]-[153] of the Award. In broad sweep, it shows plainly that at the time the two Loans were advanced, what we now know was an unlawful campaign to acquire the Yukos Group'sassets was only just getting underway.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa45","paragraphLabel":"45.","rectangle":"201, 469, 873, 141","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2906,"columnEnd":2927,"xStart":100.68,"yStart":326.3,"xEnd":538.66,"yEnd":377.6,"text":"The chronological data-points below (taken from the paragraphs cited above) show clearly that Claimant had no reasonable basis, either in late May or in mid-August 2004, to foresee either the present dispute or that either of the Loans would not be repaid.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46","paragraphLabel":"46.","rectangle":"201, 651, 875, 103","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2928,"columnEnd":2962,"xStart":127.73,"yStart":397.96,"xEnd":537.36,"yEnd":488.31,"text":"Only the first ofthe five Tax Assessments had reached a stage where Yukos Oil had been found liable for tax offences when the August 2004 Loan was made. The second Assessment (the 200I Tax Assessment) came to a decision on such liability only on 2 September 2004,[k]{fn22}[s]22[/s][/k] well after the two Loans had been made. All the others come later.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.i","paragraphLabel":"(i)","rectangle":"255, 795, 818, 180","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":2963,"columnEnd":3013,"xStart":127.15,"yStart":509.21,"xEnd":537.4,"yEnd":600.0,"text":"Initially, after it received the 2000 Tax Assessment, Yukos Oil's external Russian counsel stated in robust terms that it was so unmeritorious, and the extent of the tax: ministry's violations were so apparent that it would be \"impossible even for the most biased judge to support the clearly unlawful inspection act.\"[k]{fn23}[s]23[/s][/k]","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.ii","paragraphLabel":"(ii)","rectangle":"254, 1017, 819, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":3014,"columnEnd":3016,"xStart":99.41,"yStart":662.73,"xEnd":169.83,"yEnd":672.63,"text":"Award at [687].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn21","paragraphLabel":"21","rectangle":"198, 1324, 141, 19","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":3017,"columnEnd":3018,"xStart":99.4,"yStart":686.36,"xEnd":169.17000000000002,"yEnd":695.35,"text":"Award at [119].","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn22","paragraphLabel":"22","rectangle":"198, 1371, 139, 18","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":13,"pageIdEnd":13,"columnStart":3019,"columnEnd":3025,"xStart":99.33,"yStart":708.44,"xEnd":536.5699999999999,"yEnd":734.4,"text":"Award at [643], citing Summary ofthe tax inspection of OAO NK Yukos, Sergey Pepeliev (5 January 2004), 3 (R-577).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn23","paragraphLabel":"23","rectangle":"198, 1415, 873, 52","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":14,"pageIdEnd":14,"columnStart":3046,"columnEnd":3082,"xStart":89.58,"yStart":120.54,"xEnd":499.44,"yEnd":210.85999999999999,"text":"Although the tax ministry's collection claim on the 2000 Tax Assessment was upheld by one judge of the Moscow [i]Arbitrazh [/i]Court on 26 May 2004, the effect [i](i.e., [/i]the enforceability) of that Assessment had previously been suspended (by another judge of the same court), and remained so until the suspension was annulled on 23 June 2004.24","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.iii","paragraphLabel":"(iii)","rectangle":"178, 240, 819, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":14,"pageIdEnd":14,"columnStart":3083,"columnEnd":3225,"xStart":91.1,"yStart":231.64,"xEnd":503.7,"yEnd":567.34,"text":"On 17 June 2004, a day before an expected court ruling on the 2000 Tax Assessment, President Putin was reported in the New York Times as saying:\n\nRussian authorities, the government, and the economic officials of our\ncountry are not interested in seeing Yukos go bankrupt... The government will try to do everything not to topple this company.25\n\nThe majority expressed the view, \"based on its assessment of the Respondent's conduct to this date\", that \" little weight can be placed on this statement\". Given that this statement was made less than six months after the 2000 Tax Assessment, and long before the rigged auction of YNG's assets and the 2006 bankruptcy, the majority's \"view\" can only be hindsight based. In any event, it is well established that what governments say in these circumstances to and about investors matters (and can have consequences) in the context of investorstate disputes. It may now be a relatively common view that Mr Putin cannot wholly be trusted. But that was not so clear in the summer of 2004. Moreover, the fact that he made the statement on behalf of the government and the relevant Russian authorities was clearly intended to calm roiling markets and to be believed.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.iv","paragraphLabel":"(iv)","rectangle":"181, 462, 825, 671","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":14,"pageIdEnd":14,"columnStart":3226,"columnEnd":3253,"xStart":95.65,"yStart":588.14,"xEnd":505.21,"yEnd":678.36,"text":"The New York Times reported further that shares ofYukos Oil jumped 42% on the news (of Mr Putin's statement) before trading was suspended for the day and gave details of settlement discussions between Yukos Oil and Russia. The market's reaction to Mr Putin's statement was signal ling the possibility of Yukos Oil's tax problems being resolved.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa46.v","paragraphLabel":"(v)","rectangle":"191, 1174, 818, 181","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false},{"pageIdStart":14,"pageIdEnd":14,"columnStart":3254,"columnEnd":3256,"xStart":69.99,"yStart":722.48,"xEnd":163.64,"yEnd":732.63,"text":"24 at (125)-(126). Award","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn24","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"139, 1443, 187, 20","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false}]}