{"TocInclude":false,"TocMaxLevel":3,"TocInsertBeforeId":null,"PdfFilePath":"L:\\Shared\\Development\\HTML Converter - Sample PDF Documents\\ISLG\\Common\\Dispute Document - sample PDFs\\UN-0087-17 - CC Devas v. India - Memorandum Opinion of US District Court for the District of Columbia-1.pdf","DocumentUIN":"UN008717","OCR_Type":0,"BlockIdMax":36,"DocumentBlocks":{"1":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":1,"columnEnd":5,"xStart":208.25,"yStart":75.88,"xEnd":404.33000000000004,"yEnd":100.08,"text":"<div><strong>UNITED STATES </strong><strong>DISTRICT COURT </strong></div><div><strong>FOR THE DISTRICT </strong><strong>OF </strong><strong>COLUMBIA </strong></div>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"415, 151, 392, 49","alignment":1,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<p><strong>UNITED STATES </strong><strong>DISTRICT COURT </strong></p><p><strong>FOR THE DISTRICT </strong><strong>OF </strong><strong>COLUMBIA </strong></p>"},"3":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":6,"columnEnd":13,"xStart":87.54,"yStart":115.47,"xEnd":483.42,"yEnd":232.56,"text":"<div><strong><br></strong></div><table style=\"width: 100%;\"><tr><td><div>CC/DEV AS (MAURITIUS) LTD., et al., </div><blockquote style=\"margin-right: 0px;\" dir=\"ltr\"><div>&nbsp;Petitioners, </div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>&nbsp;v.</div><div><br></div><div><u>REPUBLIC OF INDIA, </u></div><div><u><br></u></div><div><em>&nbsp;Respondent.</em></div></td><td>Case No. 1:21-cv-106-RCL  </td></tr></table><div><div></div></div><div><strong><br></strong></div><div><strong><br></strong></div><div><em><br></em></div>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"174, 230, 791, 234","alignment":0,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<p><strong><br></strong></p><table style=\"width: 100%;\"><tr><td><p>CC/DEV AS (MAURITIUS) LTD., et al., </p><blockquote style=\"margin-right: 0px;\" dir=\"ltr\"><p>&nbsp;Petitioners, </p></blockquote><p><br></p><p>&nbsp;v.</p><p><br></p><p><u>REPUBLIC OF INDIA, </u></p><p><u><br></u></p><p><em>&nbsp;Respondent.</em></p></td><td>Case No. 1:21-cv-106-RCL  </td></tr></table><p><p></p></p><p><strong><br></strong></p><p><strong><br></strong></p><p><em><br></em></p>"},"4":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":14,"columnEnd":14,"xStart":233.94,"yStart":262.12,"xEnd":377.28,"yEnd":273.12,"text":"<strong><u>MEMORANDUM OPINION </u></strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"467, 524, 286, 22","alignment":1,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<strong><u>MEMORANDUM OPINION </u></strong>"},"5":{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":15,"columnEnd":196,"xStart":78.77,"yStart":288.36,"xEnd":531.82,"yEnd":651.59,"text":"Petitioners CC/Devas (Mauritius) Ltd. (\"CC/Devas\"), Telcom Devas Mauritius Limited&nbsp; (\"Telcom Devas\"), and Devas Employees Mauritius Private Limited (\"DEMPL\") have petitioned&nbsp; this Court to confirm and enforce a roughly $111.3 million arbitral award against the respondent,&nbsp; the Republic of India (\"India\"). <em>See generally </em>Pet., ECF No. 1. At the same time, India has filed&nbsp; lawsuits in the Netherlands to set aside this award. <em>See</em> Claassens &amp; Verkerk Deel.&nbsp;&para;&para; 3-5,&nbsp; ECF No. 35. India moved to dismiss this petition or, alternatively, to stay these proceedings until&nbsp; the conclusion of the Dutch set-aside proceedings. Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 15; Mot. to Stay,&nbsp; ECF No. 14. Petitioners challenged both motions in separate responses. See Pet'rs' Resp. to&nbsp; Resp't's Mot. to Stay (\"Stay Resp.\"), ECF No. 24; Pet'rs' Resp. to Resp't's Mot. to Dismiss&nbsp; (\"MTD Resp.\"), ECF No. 23. India filed separate replies for both motions. Reply Mem. in Supp.&nbsp; of Mot. to Stay (\"Stay Reply\"), ECF No. 31; Reply Mem. in Supp. of Mot. to Dismiss (\"MTD&nbsp; Reply\"), ECF No. 32. After considering the parties' briefing, relevant exhibits, and applicable law, the Court finds that India has demonstrated a pressing need for a temporary stay. India's&nbsp; motion to stay will be <strong>GRANTED</strong>.&nbsp;<strong> </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa1","paragraphLabel":"1.","rectangle":"157, 576, 905, 726","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Petitioners CC/Devas (Mauritius) Ltd. (\"CC/Devas\"), Telcom Devas Mauritius Limited&nbsp; (\"Telcom Devas\"), and Devas Employees Mauritius Private Limited (\"DEMPL\") have petitioned&nbsp; this Court to confirm and enforce a roughly $111.3 million arbitral award against the respondent,&nbsp; the Republic of India (\"India\"). <em>See generally </em>Pet., ECF No. 1. At the same time, India has filed&nbsp; lawsuits in the Netherlands to set aside this award. <em>See</em> Claassens &amp; Verkerk Deel.&nbsp;&para;&para; 3-5,&nbsp; ECF No. 35. India moved to dismiss this petition or, alternatively, to stay these proceedings until&nbsp; the conclusion of the Dutch set-aside proceedings. Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 15; Mot. to Stay,&nbsp; ECF No. 14. Petitioners challenged both motions in separate responses. See Pet'rs' Resp. to&nbsp; Resp't's Mot. to Stay (\"Stay Resp.\"), ECF No. 24; Pet'rs' Resp. to Resp't's Mot. to Dismiss&nbsp; (\"MTD Resp.\"), ECF No. 23. India filed separate replies for both motions. Reply Mem. in Supp.&nbsp; of Mot. to Stay (\"Stay Reply\"), ECF No. 31; Reply Mem. in Supp. of Mot. to Dismiss (\"MTD&nbsp; Reply\"), ECF No. 32. After considering the parties' briefing, relevant exhibits, and applicable law, the Court finds that India has demonstrated a pressing need for a temporary stay. India's&nbsp; motion to stay will be <strong>GRANTED</strong>.&nbsp;<strong> </strong>"},"6":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":198,"columnEnd":199,"xStart":244.96,"yStart":78.06,"xEnd":362.64,"yEnd":89.76,"text":"<strong>BACKGROUND </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"I.2","paragraphLabel":"I.","rectangle":"489, 155, 235, 24","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>BACKGROUND </strong>"},"7":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":200,"columnEnd":325,"xStart":80.51,"yStart":104.28,"xEnd":528.72,"yEnd":462.95000000000005,"text":"This case involves a contract dispute between Devas Multimedia Private Limited (\"Devas\") and Antrix Corporation Limited (\"Antrix\"), two Indian companies. Devas sought to provide broadband wireless access and audiovisual services across India's rural areas through satellite communications. Pet. <em>&para;&para;</em><strong>&nbsp;</strong> 2-4. In January 2005, Devas entered an agreement with Antrix (the \"Devas-Antrix Agreement\" or the \"Agreement\") to pursue this goal. <em>Id.&nbsp;&para;&para;</em><strong> 20, 22. </strong>Antrix is wholly owned by the Indian government-it serves as the \"marketing arm\" of the Indian Department of Space (\"DOS\") and as a commercial entity within the Indian Space Research Organization (\"ISRO\"). <em>Id. <em>&para;&para;</em><strong>&nbsp;</strong></em><strong> </strong>20-21. Antrix agreed to build, operate, and launch two ISRO satellites and to lease Devas a portion of the \"S-band\" of the electromagnetic spectrum to use for broadcasting. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em><strong> </strong></em>22. Between 2005 and 2011, Devas \"assembled a world class team of experts\" in satellite communications and conducted trials in India, Germany, and China. <em>Id. <em>&para; </em></em>4. Petitioners in this action-CC/Devas, Telcom Devas, and DEMPL<a href=\"#UN008717_fn1\"><sup>1</sup></a> -collectively injected millions of dollars into Devas during this period to assist with satellite reservation fees and other business expenses. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em><strong> </strong></em>23<strong>. </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa2","paragraphLabel":"2.","rectangle":"160, 208, 896, 716","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"This case involves a contract dispute between Devas Multimedia Private Limited (\"Devas\") and Antrix Corporation Limited (\"Antrix\"), two Indian companies. Devas sought to provide broadband wireless access and audiovisual services across India's rural areas through satellite communications. Pet. <em>&para;&para;</em><strong>&nbsp;</strong> 2-4. In January 2005, Devas entered an agreement with Antrix (the \"Devas-Antrix Agreement\" or the \"Agreement\") to pursue this goal. <em>Id.&nbsp;&para;&para;</em><strong> 20, 22. </strong>Antrix is wholly owned by the Indian government-it serves as the \"marketing arm\" of the Indian Department of Space (\"DOS\") and as a commercial entity within the Indian Space Research Organization (\"ISRO\"). <em>Id. <em>&para;&para;</em><strong>&nbsp;</strong></em><strong> </strong>20-21. Antrix agreed to build, operate, and launch two ISRO satellites and to lease Devas a portion of the \"S-band\" of the electromagnetic spectrum to use for broadcasting. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em><strong> </strong></em>22. Between 2005 and 2011, Devas \"assembled a world class team of experts\" in satellite communications and conducted trials in India, Germany, and China. <em>Id. <em>&para; </em></em>4. Petitioners in this action-CC/Devas, Telcom Devas, and DEMPL<a href=\"#UN008717_fn1\"><sup>1</sup></a> -collectively injected millions of dollars into Devas during this period to assist with satellite reservation fees and other business expenses. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em><strong> </strong></em>23<strong>. </strong>"},"8":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":394,"columnEnd":414,"xStart":80.14,"yStart":679.72,"xEnd":527.2900000000001,"yEnd":698.64,"text":"Each petitioner is an entity incorporated in Mauritius, though CC/Devas and Telcom Devas are affiliated with two American-based venture-capital firms. Pet. <em>&para;&para;</em> 14, 34.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn1","paragraphLabel":"1","rectangle":"160, 1358, 893, 37","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Each petitioner is an entity incorporated in Mauritius, though CC/Devas and Telcom Devas are affiliated with two American-based venture-capital firms. Pet. <em>&para;&para;</em> 14, 34."},"9":{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":326,"columnEnd":393,"xStart":80.13,"yStart":477.95,"xEnd":529.9399999999999,"yEnd":623.76,"text":"But the momentum behind the Devas-Antrix Agreement came to a screeching halt. In February 2011, the Indian Cabinet Committee on Security (\"CCS\") announced the termination of the Agreement. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em></em><strong> </strong>32. The CCS reasoned that the Indian government could no longer lease S-band frequencies to Devas because of \"increased demand\" in that range \"for national needs.\" <em>Id. </em>Antrix terminated the Agreement a few days later. <em>Id. </em>Without the Agreement, Devas's business and petitioners' investments \"[were] completely destroyed.\" <em>Id.&nbsp;<em>&para;</em></em><strong> </strong>33.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa3","paragraphLabel":"3.","rectangle":"160, 954, 898, 292","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"But the momentum behind the Devas-Antrix Agreement came to a screeching halt. In February 2011, the Indian Cabinet Committee on Security (\"CCS\") announced the termination of the Agreement. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em></em><strong> </strong>32. The CCS reasoned that the Indian government could no longer lease S-band frequencies to Devas because of \"increased demand\" in that range \"for national needs.\" <em>Id. </em>Antrix terminated the Agreement a few days later. <em>Id. </em>Without the Agreement, Devas's business and petitioners' investments \"[were] completely destroyed.\" <em>Id.&nbsp;<em>&para;</em></em><strong> </strong>33."},"10":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":575,"columnEnd":598,"xStart":80.07,"yStart":555.67,"xEnd":528.63,"yEnd":585.36,"text":"<em>See </em>Agreement Between the Republic of India and the Republic of Mauritius for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of lnvestments, in Investment Promotion and Protection Treaties: India/Mauritius (Int'l Ctr. for Settlement of lnvestment Disps. 2010), ECF No. 1-8.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn2","paragraphLabel":"2","rectangle":"160, 1110, 896, 60","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<em>See </em>Agreement Between the Republic of India and the Republic of Mauritius for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of lnvestments, in Investment Promotion and Protection Treaties: India/Mauritius (Int'l Ctr. for Settlement of lnvestment Disps. 2010), ECF No. 1-8."},"12":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":599,"columnEnd":663,"xStart":80.09,"yStart":594.59,"xEnd":528.53,"yEnd":647.0300000000001,"text":"<div>Separately; Devas itself commenced arbitration against Antrix under their arbitration clause in their Agreement. Pet.&nbsp;&para; 66. The International Chamber of Commerce (\"ICC\") heard this arbitration and, on September 14, 2015, awarded Devas $562,500,000 in damages for breach of contract (the \"ICC Award\"). <em>Id </em>The ICC Award did not affect the Tribunal's holding toward petitioners, though the Tribunal mandated that the petitioners make efforts to avoid receiving double compensation. <em>Id </em>(quoting Merits Award &para;&para;166; Quantum Award &para; 663(k)).</div><div><br></div><div>Devas then filed suit in the Western District of Washington to enforce the ICC Award. <em>Devas Multimedia Priv. Ltd&nbsp; v. Antrix Corp. Ltd</em>, No. 2:18-cv-1360 (TSZ), 2020 WL 5569782 (W.D. Wash. Sept. 17, 2020). In November 2020,&nbsp; that court entered judgment against Antrix for roughly $1.29 billion. Judgment, <em>id</em>, ECF No. 52. That decision is on&nbsp; appeal at the Ninth Circuit. <em>Devas Multimedia Priv. Ltd. v. Antrix Corp. Ltd,</em> No. 20-36024 (9th Cir. Feb. 16, 2022).</div>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn3","paragraphLabel":"3","rectangle":"160, 1188, 896, 105","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<p>Separately; Devas itself commenced arbitration against Antrix under their arbitration clause in their Agreement. Pet.&nbsp;&para; 66. The International Chamber of Commerce (\"ICC\") heard this arbitration and, on September 14, 2015, awarded Devas $562,500,000 in damages for breach of contract (the \"ICC Award\"). <em>Id </em>The ICC Award did not affect the Tribunal's holding toward petitioners, though the Tribunal mandated that the petitioners make efforts to avoid receiving double compensation. <em>Id </em>(quoting Merits Award &para;&para;166; Quantum Award &para; 663(k)).</p><p><br></p><p>Devas then filed suit in the Western District of Washington to enforce the ICC Award. <em>Devas Multimedia Priv. Ltd&nbsp; v. Antrix Corp. Ltd</em>, No. 2:18-cv-1360 (TSZ), 2020 WL 5569782 (W.D. Wash. Sept. 17, 2020). In November 2020,&nbsp; that court entered judgment against Antrix for roughly $1.29 billion. Judgment, <em>id</em>, ECF No. 52. That decision is on&nbsp; appeal at the Ninth Circuit. <em>Devas Multimedia Priv. Ltd. v. Antrix Corp. Ltd,</em> No. 20-36024 (9th Cir. Feb. 16, 2022).</p>"},"13":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":893,"columnEnd":933,"xStart":79.48,"yStart":667.2,"xEnd":527.35,"yEnd":697.2,"text":"Last month, Judge Paul G. Gardephe of the Southern District of New York exercised discretion to stay the confirmation proceedings before him pending this Court's decision. <em>CC/Devas </em><em>(Mauritius) </em><em>ltd </em><em>v. </em><em>Air </em><em>India, </em><em>ltd, </em>No. l:21-cv-5601 (PGG), 2022 WL 355759 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 4, 2022).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn4","paragraphLabel":"4","rectangle":"158, 1334, 896, 60","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Last month, Judge Paul G. Gardephe of the Southern District of New York exercised discretion to stay the confirmation proceedings before him pending this Court's decision. <em>CC/Devas </em><em>(Mauritius) </em><em>ltd </em><em>v. </em><em>Air </em><em>India, </em><em>ltd, </em>No. l:21-cv-5601 (PGG), 2022 WL 355759 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 4, 2022)."},"14":{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":2098,"columnEnd":2179,"xStart":77.91,"yStart":627.09,"xEnd":526.01,"yEnd":701.5200000000001,"text":"Petitioners also argue that this Court should deny a stay in light of an \"order of exequatur\" issued by The Hague District Court. Stay Resp. 1. This exequatur order apparently \"permits [p]etitioners to fully enforce the Quantum Award against Indian property in the Netherlands\" and is not affected \"by India's ongoing appeal or its attempt to set aside the Quantum Award.\" Champion Decl. ,&para; 7, ECF No. 23-2. But India's Dutch attorneys attest that the exequatur order \"does not prejudice the subsequent analysis\" of any court in the set-aside proceedings. Claassens &amp; Verkerk Decl. &para; 18. Since the Court's analysis focuses on the existence of those set-aside proceedings, the exequatur order does not influence its decision.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn5","paragraphLabel":"5","rectangle":"155, 1253, 895, 149","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Petitioners also argue that this Court should deny a stay in light of an \"order of exequatur\" issued by The Hague District Court. Stay Resp. 1. This exequatur order apparently \"permits [p]etitioners to fully enforce the Quantum Award against Indian property in the Netherlands\" and is not affected \"by India's ongoing appeal or its attempt to set aside the Quantum Award.\" Champion Decl. ,&para; 7, ECF No. 23-2. But India's Dutch attorneys attest that the exequatur order \"does not prejudice the subsequent analysis\" of any court in the set-aside proceedings. Claassens &amp; Verkerk Decl. &para; 18. Since the Court's analysis focuses on the existence of those set-aside proceedings, the exequatur order does not influence its decision."},"15":{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2742,"columnEnd":2878,"xStart":79.59,"yStart":546.8,"xEnd":530.63,"yEnd":666.0,"text":"The cases on petitioners' side of the ledger do not change the Court's conclusion. In <em>LLC Komstroy </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic of </em><em>Moldova, </em>the district court lifted a stay after the case had already been through an \"appeal-reversal-remand round\" in French courts. No. 1:14-cv-1921 (CRC), 2018 WL 5993437, at *3-4 (D.D.C. Nov. 13, 2018). Here, the parties' direct appeals of their disputes remain pending in Dutch courts. In <em>Venco </em><em>Imtiaz Construction </em><em>Company v. </em><em>Symbion </em><em>Power </em><em>LLC, </em>the district court emphasized that it \"ha[d] no way of knowing whether an appeal in the [foreign] proceeding will be permitted at all, much less how long any appeal might take.\" No. l:16-cv-1737 (JDB), 2017 WL 2374349, at *6 (D.D.C. May 31, 2017). Here, the parties have made clear that they intend to appeal decisions to the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. And in <em>G.E. </em><em>Transport </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic </em><em>of Albania, </em>the parties expected an appeal process to continue for four years past the date of the motion. 693 F. Supp. 2d 132, 135 (D.D.C. 2010). Here, the Dutch appeals have proceeded expeditiously, and the parties have given no reason for the Court to expect otherwise.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn6","paragraphLabel":"6","rectangle":"159, 1092, 901, 238","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"The cases on petitioners' side of the ledger do not change the Court's conclusion. In <em>LLC Komstroy </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic of </em><em>Moldova, </em>the district court lifted a stay after the case had already been through an \"appeal-reversal-remand round\" in French courts. No. 1:14-cv-1921 (CRC), 2018 WL 5993437, at *3-4 (D.D.C. Nov. 13, 2018). Here, the parties' direct appeals of their disputes remain pending in Dutch courts. In <em>Venco </em><em>Imtiaz Construction </em><em>Company v. </em><em>Symbion </em><em>Power </em><em>LLC, </em>the district court emphasized that it \"ha[d] no way of knowing whether an appeal in the [foreign] proceeding will be permitted at all, much less how long any appeal might take.\" No. l:16-cv-1737 (JDB), 2017 WL 2374349, at *6 (D.D.C. May 31, 2017). Here, the parties have made clear that they intend to appeal decisions to the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. And in <em>G.E. </em><em>Transport </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic </em><em>of Albania, </em>the parties expected an appeal process to continue for four years past the date of the motion. 693 F. Supp. 2d 132, 135 (D.D.C. 2010). Here, the Dutch appeals have proceeded expeditiously, and the parties have given no reason for the Court to expect otherwise."},"16":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":416,"columnEnd":514,"xStart":80.51,"yStart":78.35,"xEnd":529.69,"yEnd":355.43,"text":"Facing the loss of their investments, petitioners commenced international arbitration. They alleged violations of a bilateral investment treaty between Mauritius and India (the \"Mauritus- India Treaty\").<a href=\"#UN008717_fn2\"><sup>2</sup></a> On July 25, 2016, a three-member tribunal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague (the \"Tribunal\") issued a decision on the merits of petitioners' arbitration (the \"Merits Award\"). Merits Award, ECF No. 1-5. The Tribunal held that India breached the Mauritius-India Treaty by annulling the Devas-Antrix Agreement. <em>Id.&nbsp;&para;</em> 48. Next came the quantum of damages. The parties submitted additional briefing and evidence on damages during 2017 and 2018, culminating in a days-long hearing before the Tribunal. <em>Id. &para;&para;</em>51-52. On October 13, 2020, the Tribunal issued a decision (the \"Quantum Award\") finding that petitioners were entitled to $111,296,000 in damages, pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, and attorneys' fees. <em>Id. &para;&para;</em>5, 53-55; Quantum Award, ECF No. 1-3.3","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa4","paragraphLabel":"4.","rectangle":"160, 156, 898, 554","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Facing the loss of their investments, petitioners commenced international arbitration. They alleged violations of a bilateral investment treaty between Mauritius and India (the \"Mauritus- India Treaty\").<a href=\"#UN008717_fn2\"><sup>2</sup></a> On July 25, 2016, a three-member tribunal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague (the \"Tribunal\") issued a decision on the merits of petitioners' arbitration (the \"Merits Award\"). Merits Award, ECF No. 1-5. The Tribunal held that India breached the Mauritius-India Treaty by annulling the Devas-Antrix Agreement. <em>Id.&nbsp;&para;</em> 48. Next came the quantum of damages. The parties submitted additional briefing and evidence on damages during 2017 and 2018, culminating in a days-long hearing before the Tribunal. <em>Id. &para;&para;</em>51-52. On October 13, 2020, the Tribunal issued a decision (the \"Quantum Award\") finding that petitioners were entitled to $111,296,000 in damages, pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, and attorneys' fees. <em>Id. &para;&para;</em>5, 53-55; Quantum Award, ECF No. 1-3.3"},"17":{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":515,"columnEnd":574,"xStart":80.28,"yStart":370.68,"xEnd":530.58,"yEnd":515.99,"text":"But petitioners' successes before the Tribunal did not end this controversy. India's challenge to the Merits Award-in which India is requesting a complete set-aside-is currently on appeal to the Dutch Supreme Court. Claassens &amp; Verkerk Deel. &para; 5. And India has challenged the Quantum Award by filing suit in The Hague District Court. <em>Id.&para;</em>4. The Court is not aware of a final decision in either Dutch proceeding. Devas itself is now subject to winding-up proceedings and litigation in India about allegedly fraudulent conduct surrounding the Devas-Antrix","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa5","paragraphLabel":"5","rectangle":"160, 741, 900, 290","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"But petitioners' successes before the Tribunal did not end this controversy. India's challenge to the Merits Award-in which India is requesting a complete set-aside-is currently on appeal to the Dutch Supreme Court. Claassens &amp; Verkerk Deel. &para; 5. And India has challenged the Quantum Award by filing suit in The Hague District Court. <em>Id.&para;</em>4. The Court is not aware of a final decision in either Dutch proceeding. Devas itself is now subject to winding-up proceedings and litigation in India about allegedly fraudulent conduct surrounding the Devas-Antrix"},"18":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":708,"columnEnd":719,"xStart":80.86,"yStart":78.56,"xEnd":528.14,"yEnd":116.64,"text":"Agreement. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay 13-17; <em>see generally</em> Dutt Deel., ECF No. 23-29; Jayasimha Deel., ECFNo. 36.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"161, 157, 894, 76","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Agreement. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay 13-17; <em>see generally</em> Dutt Deel., ECF No. 23-29; Jayasimha Deel., ECFNo. 36."},"19":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":720,"columnEnd":810,"xStart":80.86,"yStart":131.12,"xEnd":529.0500000000001,"yEnd":329.03999999999996,"text":"These pending lawsuits have not stopped petitioners from trying to enforce their initial victory. They have filed lawsuits in Australia, Belgium, England, France, Luxembourg, and the Southern District of New York praying for confirmation of the Merits and Quantum Awards. <em>See </em>Compl.&nbsp;&para; 41, <em>CC/Devas (Mauritius)</em> <em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Air India, </em><em>Ltd., No. </em>I :21-cv-5601 (PGG) (S.D.N.Y. June 28, 2021), ECF No. 1.<a href=\"#UN008717_fn4\"><sup>4</sup></a><sup> </sup>On January 13, 2021, that worldwide campaign reached the District of Columbia. <em>See </em>Pet.&nbsp;&para; 9. After several months' delay (while petitioners served India with process), India filed a motion to stay and a motion to dismiss. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay; Mot. to Dismiss. These motions are now ripe.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa6","paragraphLabel":"6.","rectangle":"161, 262, 896, 395","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"These pending lawsuits have not stopped petitioners from trying to enforce their initial victory. They have filed lawsuits in Australia, Belgium, England, France, Luxembourg, and the Southern District of New York praying for confirmation of the Merits and Quantum Awards. <em>See </em>Compl.&nbsp;&para; 41, <em>CC/Devas (Mauritius)</em> <em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Air India, </em><em>Ltd., No. </em>I :21-cv-5601 (PGG) (S.D.N.Y. June 28, 2021), ECF No. 1.<a href=\"#UN008717_fn4\"><sup>4</sup></a><sup> </sup>On January 13, 2021, that worldwide campaign reached the District of Columbia. <em>See </em>Pet.&nbsp;&para; 9. After several months' delay (while petitioners served India with process), India filed a motion to stay and a motion to dismiss. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay; Mot. to Dismiss. These motions are now ripe."},"20":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":811,"columnEnd":813,"xStart":234.12,"yStart":344.73,"xEnd":374.93,"yEnd":355.43,"text":"<strong>LEGAL </strong><strong>STANDARD </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"II","paragraphLabel":"II.","rectangle":"467, 689, 282, 21","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>LEGAL </strong><strong>STANDARD </strong>"},"21":{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":814,"columnEnd":892,"xStart":80.26,"yStart":370.88,"xEnd":529.58,"yEnd":604.8,"text":"Part of the Federal Arbitration Act (\"FAA\"), 9 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 201-08, codifies the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the \"New York Convention,\" or the \"Convention\"). Art. I, June 10, 1958, 21 U.S.T. 2517. These provisions require a district court to confirm \"an arbitral award falling under the Convention\" unless \"it finds one of the grounds for refusal or deferral\" specified in the Convention. 9 U.S.C. &sect; 207. A district court carries \"little discretion in refusing or deferring enforcement of foreign arbitral awards\" except for those grounds \"explicitly set forth in Article V of the Convention.\" <em>Belize </em><em>Soc. </em><em>Dev't </em><em>v. </em><em>Gov't </em><em>of Belize, </em>668 F.3d 724, 727 (D.C. Cir. 2012) (quoting <em>TermoRio </em><em>S.A. </em><em>E.S.P. </em><em>v. </em><em>Electranta </em><em>S.P., </em>487 F.3d 928, 935 (D.C..Cir. 2007)). ","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa7","paragraphLabel":"7.","rectangle":"160, 741, 898, 468","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Part of the Federal Arbitration Act (\"FAA\"), 9 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 201-08, codifies the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the \"New York Convention,\" or the \"Convention\"). Art. I, June 10, 1958, 21 U.S.T. 2517. These provisions require a district court to confirm \"an arbitral award falling under the Convention\" unless \"it finds one of the grounds for refusal or deferral\" specified in the Convention. 9 U.S.C. &sect; 207. A district court carries \"little discretion in refusing or deferring enforcement of foreign arbitral awards\" except for those grounds \"explicitly set forth in Article V of the Convention.\" <em>Belize </em><em>Soc. </em><em>Dev't </em><em>v. </em><em>Gov't </em><em>of Belize, </em>668 F.3d 724, 727 (D.C. Cir. 2012) (quoting <em>TermoRio </em><em>S.A. </em><em>E.S.P. </em><em>v. </em><em>Electranta </em><em>S.P., </em>487 F.3d 928, 935 (D.C..Cir. 2007)). "},"22":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":935,"columnEnd":992,"xStart":79.52,"yStart":78.28,"xEnd":530.31,"yEnd":275.04,"text":"Should the Convention apply, \"a court may adjourn enforcement proceedings only on the grounds explicitly set forth\" in the Convention. <em>Id. </em>(citation omitted). The Convention permits a district court to stay proceedings if\"an application for the setting aside or suspension of the award has been made to the competent authority.\" New York Convention art. VI. But a stay \"should not be lightly granted,\" for doing so may \"impede[] the goals of arbitration-the expeditious resolution of disputes and the avoidance of protracted and expensive litigation.\" <em>Gretton Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic of </em><em>Uzbekistan, </em>No. 1:18-cv-1755 (JEB), 2019 WL 464793, at *2 (D.D.C. Feb. 6, 2019) (quoting <em>Europcar Italia, </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Maiellano </em><em>Tours, </em><em>Inc., </em>156 F.3d 310,317 (2d Cir. 1998)).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa8","paragraphLabel":"8.","rectangle":"159, 156, 901, 393","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Should the Convention apply, \"a court may adjourn enforcement proceedings only on the grounds explicitly set forth\" in the Convention. <em>Id. </em>(citation omitted). The Convention permits a district court to stay proceedings if\"an application for the setting aside or suspension of the award has been made to the competent authority.\" New York Convention art. VI. But a stay \"should not be lightly granted,\" for doing so may \"impede[] the goals of arbitration-the expeditious resolution of disputes and the avoidance of protracted and expensive litigation.\" <em>Gretton Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic of </em><em>Uzbekistan, </em>No. 1:18-cv-1755 (JEB), 2019 WL 464793, at *2 (D.D.C. Feb. 6, 2019) (quoting <em>Europcar Italia, </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Maiellano </em><em>Tours, </em><em>Inc., </em>156 F.3d 310,317 (2d Cir. 1998))."},"23":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":993,"columnEnd":994,"xStart":251.19,"yStart":289.72,"xEnd":355.5,"yEnd":301.92,"text":"<strong>DISCUSSION </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hIII","paragraphLabel":"III.","rectangle":"502, 579, 208, 24","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>DISCUSSION </strong>"},"24":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":995,"columnEnd":1075,"xStart":79.09,"yStart":317.55,"xEnd":527.42,"yEnd":488.88,"text":"India moves this Court to stay these proceedings until the related litigation in the Netherlands and India has concluded. The Court agrees as to the Dutch proceedings. First, the Court will explain why it may grant a stay without considering India's sovereign immunity. Second, the Court will detail why this dispute should be stayed pending resolution of the Dutch proceedings. Finally, the Court will discuss why it will not require India to post security. Because a stay would promote judicial economy, respect international comity, and prevent hardship to India, the Court will <strong>GRANT </strong>India's motion and temporarily stay this case.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa9","paragraphLabel":"9.","rectangle":"158, 634, 896, 343","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"India moves this Court to stay these proceedings until the related litigation in the Netherlands and India has concluded. The Court agrees as to the Dutch proceedings. First, the Court will explain why it may grant a stay without considering India's sovereign immunity. Second, the Court will detail why this dispute should be stayed pending resolution of the Dutch proceedings. Finally, the Court will discuss why it will not require India to post security. Because a stay would promote judicial economy, respect international comity, and prevent hardship to India, the Court will <strong>GRANT </strong>India's motion and temporarily stay this case."},"25":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":1076,"columnEnd":1078,"xStart":130.78,"yStart":504.56,"xEnd":451.69,"yEnd":515.76,"text":"<strong>The Court May Grant A </strong><strong>Stay Before Deciding Its Jurisdiction </strong>","indentLevel":2,"paragraphId":"A","paragraphLabel":"A.","rectangle":"261, 1008, 642, 23","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>The Court May Grant A </strong><strong>Stay Before Deciding Its Jurisdiction </strong>"},"26":{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":1079,"columnEnd":1153,"xStart":77.78,"yStart":531.64,"xEnd":527.23,"yEnd":677.04,"text":"India claims that it has not waived its sovereign immunity, which would divest this Court of jurisdiction over this dispute. <em>See </em>Mot. to Dismiss 29-32. A court usually must evaluate its jurisdiction before reaching the merits .of a case. <em>See </em><em>Steel </em><em>Co. </em><em>v. </em><em>Citizens for </em><em>a </em><em>Better </em><em>Env 't, </em>523 U.S. 83, 94-95 (1998). But a court \"may address certain nonjurisdictional, threshold issues before examining jurisdictional questions.\" <em>Kaplan </em><em>v. </em><em>Cent. </em><em>Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, </em>896 F.3d 501,513 (2018). For \"[j]urisdiction is vital only if the court proposes to issue a judgment","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa10","paragraphLabel":"10.","rectangle":"155, 1062, 899, 291","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"India claims that it has not waived its sovereign immunity, which would divest this Court of jurisdiction over this dispute. <em>See </em>Mot. to Dismiss 29-32. A court usually must evaluate its jurisdiction before reaching the merits .of a case. <em>See </em><em>Steel </em><em>Co. </em><em>v. </em><em>Citizens for </em><em>a </em><em>Better </em><em>Env 't, </em>523 U.S. 83, 94-95 (1998). But a court \"may address certain nonjurisdictional, threshold issues before examining jurisdictional questions.\" <em>Kaplan </em><em>v. </em><em>Cent. </em><em>Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, </em>896 F.3d 501,513 (2018). For \"[j]urisdiction is vital only if the court proposes to issue a judgment"},"27":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1155,"columnEnd":1186,"xStart":80.51,"yStart":77.5,"xEnd":527.71,"yEnd":141.36,"text":"on the merits.\" <em>Pub. </em><em>Citizen </em><em>v. </em><em>U.S. </em><em>Dist. </em><em>Court for </em><em>the </em><em>Dist. </em><em>of Columbia, </em>486 F.3d 1342, 1348 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (quoting <em>Sinochem </em><em>Int'l Co. </em><em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Malaysia </em><em>Int'l Shipping </em><em>Co., </em>549 U.S. 422, 431 (2007)).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"160, 154, 893, 128","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"on the merits.\" <em>Pub. </em><em>Citizen </em><em>v. </em><em>U.S. </em><em>Dist. </em><em>Court for </em><em>the </em><em>Dist. </em><em>of Columbia, </em>486 F.3d 1342, 1348 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (quoting <em>Sinochem </em><em>Int'l Co. </em><em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Malaysia </em><em>Int'l Shipping </em><em>Co., </em>549 U.S. 422, 431 (2007))."},"28":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1187,"columnEnd":1302,"xStart":80.27,"yStart":156.21,"xEnd":530.67,"yEnd":381.36,"text":"Analyzing the propriety of a stay \"involves no question relating to the merits of the underlying dispute.\" <em>Gretton, </em>2019 WL 464793, at *3. Accordingly, courts in this district have held that staying a dispute about a foreign arbitral award is ''the type of threshold, non-merits, nonjurisdictional question\" that a court may decide before addressing its own jurisdiction. <em>Cef </em><em>Energia, </em><em>B. V. </em><em>v. </em><em>Italian </em><em>Republic, </em>No. 1:19-cv-3443 (KBJ), 2020 WL 4219786, at *4 (D.D.C. July 23, 2020); <em>see </em><em>also, </em><em>e.g., </em><em>Novenergia </em><em>II - </em><em>Energy </em>&amp; <em>Env't (SCA) </em><em>v. </em><em>Kingdom </em><em>of Spain, </em>No. l:18-cv-1148 {TSC), 2020 WL 417794, at *2 (D.D.C. Jan. 27, 2020); <em>Masdar </em><em>Solar </em>&amp; <em>Wind </em><em>Cooperatief U.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Kingdom of Spain, </em>397 F. Supp. 3d 34, 38-39 (D.D.C. 2019). The Court will follow this practice and tum to India's motion to stay before assessing jurisdictional issues.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa11","paragraphLabel":"11.","rectangle":"160, 312, 899, 449","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Analyzing the propriety of a stay \"involves no question relating to the merits of the underlying dispute.\" <em>Gretton, </em>2019 WL 464793, at *3. Accordingly, courts in this district have held that staying a dispute about a foreign arbitral award is ''the type of threshold, non-merits, nonjurisdictional question\" that a court may decide before addressing its own jurisdiction. <em>Cef </em><em>Energia, </em><em>B. V. </em><em>v. </em><em>Italian </em><em>Republic, </em>No. 1:19-cv-3443 (KBJ), 2020 WL 4219786, at *4 (D.D.C. July 23, 2020); <em>see </em><em>also, </em><em>e.g., </em><em>Novenergia </em><em>II - </em><em>Energy </em>&amp; <em>Env't (SCA) </em><em>v. </em><em>Kingdom </em><em>of Spain, </em>No. l:18-cv-1148 {TSC), 2020 WL 417794, at *2 (D.D.C. Jan. 27, 2020); <em>Masdar </em><em>Solar </em>&amp; <em>Wind </em><em>Cooperatief U.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Kingdom of Spain, </em>397 F. Supp. 3d 34, 38-39 (D.D.C. 2019). The Court will follow this practice and tum to India's motion to stay before assessing jurisdictional issues."},"29":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1303,"columnEnd":1306,"xStart":131.7,"yStart":397.13,"xEnd":522.87,"yEnd":408.23,"text":"<strong>B. </strong><strong>The Court Will Stay The Case In </strong><strong>Light Of The Dutch </strong><strong>Set-Aside Proceedings </strong>","indentLevel":2,"paragraphId":"B","paragraphLabel":"B.","rectangle":"263, 793, 781, 22","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>B. </strong><strong>The Court Will Stay The Case In </strong><strong>Light Of The Dutch </strong><strong>Set-Aside Proceedings </strong>"},"30":{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1307,"columnEnd":1412,"xStart":78.5,"yStart":423.81,"xEnd":527.72,"yEnd":649.43,"text":"To begin with, the Court will consider a stay only as to the ongoing litigation in the Netherlands. The proceedings in India involve allegations of fraud in the Devas-Antrix Agreement and the disposition of Devas as it winds up its business. <em>See Jayasimha Deel. &para;&para; </em>7, 15. Petitioners have explained that the Indian court in these proceedings \"lacks power to render a judgment either enforcing or setting aside an arbitral award\" and that \"[t]he Indian Supreme Court does not permit a re-examination of an arbitral tribunal's jurisdictional decisions.\" Dutt Deel. &para;21. India has. not challenged this interpretation in its briefing. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay; Stay Reply;<em> </em>Jayasimha Deel. Though the parties vigorously dispute the purpose of the Indian proceedings- whether they serve to harass petitioners or represent a proper investigation into fraudulent","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa12","paragraphLabel":"12.","rectangle":"156, 846, 897, 451","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"To begin with, the Court will consider a stay only as to the ongoing litigation in the Netherlands. The proceedings in India involve allegations of fraud in the Devas-Antrix Agreement and the disposition of Devas as it winds up its business. <em>See Jayasimha Deel. &para;&para; </em>7, 15. Petitioners have explained that the Indian court in these proceedings \"lacks power to render a judgment either enforcing or setting aside an arbitral award\" and that \"[t]he Indian Supreme Court does not permit a re-examination of an arbitral tribunal's jurisdictional decisions.\" Dutt Deel. &para;21. India has. not challenged this interpretation in its briefing. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay; Stay Reply;<em> </em>Jayasimha Deel. Though the parties vigorously dispute the purpose of the Indian proceedings- whether they serve to harass petitioners or represent a proper investigation into fraudulent"},"31":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1414,"columnEnd":1429,"xStart":80.61,"yStart":77.74,"xEnd":527.99,"yEnd":115.2,"text":"conduct-those proceedings present different issues involving a different party. The Court will therefore look only to the propriety of a stay as to the Dutch set-aside proceedings.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"161, 155, 894, 75","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"conduct-those proceedings present different issues involving a different party. The Court will therefore look only to the propriety of a stay as to the Dutch set-aside proceedings."},"32":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1430,"columnEnd":1523,"xStart":80.61,"yStart":130.29,"xEnd":529.13,"yEnd":355.2,"text":"The parties dispute the proper standard to apply to India's motion to stay. India asserts that the Court should \"exercise its inherent power to stay proceedings during parallel litigation in another forum.\" Mot. to Stay 5 &amp; n.3. Petitioners argue that the Court must apply the \"non- exclusive factors\" listed in <em>Europcar Italia, </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Maiellano </em><em>Tours, </em><em>Inc. </em>to determine whether a stay under the New York Convention is appropriate. Stay Resp. 14-15. The Court will decide this case under its own inherent power. Because \"the Court's own jurisdiction has yet to be <em>established,\"Cef Energia, 2020 WL 4219786 at *4 (citations omitted), the Court is not in a position </em>to issue a stay under the Convention. Nonetheless, the Court will consider the <em>Europcar </em>factors to inform its decision. <em>See </em><em>id. </em>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa13","paragraphLabel":"13.","rectangle":"161, 260, 896, 450","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"The parties dispute the proper standard to apply to India's motion to stay. India asserts that the Court should \"exercise its inherent power to stay proceedings during parallel litigation in another forum.\" Mot. to Stay 5 &amp; n.3. Petitioners argue that the Court must apply the \"non- exclusive factors\" listed in <em>Europcar Italia, </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Maiellano </em><em>Tours, </em><em>Inc. </em>to determine whether a stay under the New York Convention is appropriate. Stay Resp. 14-15. The Court will decide this case under its own inherent power. Because \"the Court's own jurisdiction has yet to be <em>established,\"Cef Energia, 2020 WL 4219786 at *4 (citations omitted), the Court is not in a position </em>to issue a stay under the Convention. Nonetheless, the Court will consider the <em>Europcar </em>factors to inform its decision. <em>See </em><em>id. </em>"},"33":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1524,"columnEnd":1531,"xStart":169.8,"yStart":370.88,"xEnd":447.83,"yEnd":382.08,"text":"<em>The </em><em>Court </em><em>Will Stay </em><em>The </em><em>Case </em><em>Under </em><em>Its Inherent Powers </em>","indentLevel":3,"paragraphId":"i","paragraphLabel":"i.","rectangle":"339, 741, 555, 23","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<em>The </em><em>Court </em><em>Will Stay </em><em>The </em><em>Case </em><em>Under </em><em>Its Inherent Powers </em>"},"34":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1532,"columnEnd":1631,"xStart":79.65,"yStart":397.41,"xEnd":530.18,"yEnd":600.7099999999999,"text":"A district court \"possesses inherent powers\" stemming from \"the control necessarily vested in courts to manage their own affairs so as to achieve the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases.\" <em>Dietz </em><em>v. </em><em>Bouldin, </em>579 U.S. 40, 45 (2016) (quoting <em>Link v. </em><em>Wabash </em><em>R. </em><em>Co., </em>370 U.S. 626, 630-31 (1962)). The ability to stay litigation \"is incidental to\" these inherent powers. <em>Landis v. </em><em>N. </em><em>Am. </em><em>Co., </em>299 U.S. 248, 254 (1936). So, \"[w]hen arbitration between the parties is required or ongoing, the court 'may order a stay of the judicial proceedings pending completion of the arbitration process.\"' <em>Hulley</em> <em>Enters. </em><em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Russian </em><em>Fed'n (Hulley </em><em>II), </em>502 F. Supp. 3d 144, 152 (D.D.C. 2020) (quoting <em>Bledsoe v.</em> <em>Crowley, </em>849 F.2d 639,645 (D.C. Cir. 1988)). ","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa14","paragraphLabel":"14.","rectangle":"159, 794, 900, 407","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"A district court \"possesses inherent powers\" stemming from \"the control necessarily vested in courts to manage their own affairs so as to achieve the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases.\" <em>Dietz </em><em>v. </em><em>Bouldin, </em>579 U.S. 40, 45 (2016) (quoting <em>Link v. </em><em>Wabash </em><em>R. </em><em>Co., </em>370 U.S. 626, 630-31 (1962)). The ability to stay litigation \"is incidental to\" these inherent powers. <em>Landis v. </em><em>N. </em><em>Am. </em><em>Co., </em>299 U.S. 248, 254 (1936). So, \"[w]hen arbitration between the parties is required or ongoing, the court 'may order a stay of the judicial proceedings pending completion of the arbitration process.\"' <em>Hulley</em> <em>Enters. </em><em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Russian </em><em>Fed'n (Hulley </em><em>II), </em>502 F. Supp. 3d 144, 152 (D.D.C. 2020) (quoting <em>Bledsoe v.</em> <em>Crowley, </em>849 F.2d 639,645 (D.C. Cir. 1988)). "},"35":{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1632,"columnEnd":1647,"xStart":79.17,"yStart":612.21,"xEnd":527.2,"yEnd":677.2800000000001,"text":"A court exercising its power to stay a case must '\"weigh competing interests and maintain an even balance,' ... between the court's interests in judicial economy and any possible hardship to the parties.\" <em>Belize Soc. </em><em>Dev't, 668 </em>F.3d at 733-34 (quoting<em> Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 254-55, 259).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa15","paragraphLabel":"15.","rectangle":"158, 1224, 895, 130","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"A court exercising its power to stay a case must '\"weigh competing interests and maintain an even balance,' ... between the court's interests in judicial economy and any possible hardship to the parties.\" <em>Belize Soc. </em><em>Dev't, 668 </em>F.3d at 733-34 (quoting<em> Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 254-55, 259)."},"36":{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1649,"columnEnd":1732,"xStart":80.66,"yStart":78.32,"xEnd":533.21,"yEnd":275.28,"text":"The party seeking the stay bears the burden of proving any \"hardship or inequity\" that would result if the litigation continued unabated \"if there is even a fair possibility that the stay ... will work damage to [someone] else.\" <em>Hulley </em><em>II, </em>502 F. Supp. 3d at 152 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 255). But this power comes with limits. A district court \"abuses its discretion in ordering a stay 'of indefinite duration in the absence of a pressing need.\"' <em>Belize </em><em>Soc. </em><em>Dev't, 668 </em>F.3d at 731-32 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 255). The Court now turns to weighing the \"competing interests\" of judicial economy and potential hardship. <em>Hulley </em><em>II, </em>502 F. Supp. 3d at 152 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 24~5).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"161, 156, 904, 394","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"The party seeking the stay bears the burden of proving any \"hardship or inequity\" that would result if the litigation continued unabated \"if there is even a fair possibility that the stay ... will work damage to [someone] else.\" <em>Hulley </em><em>II, </em>502 F. Supp. 3d at 152 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 255). But this power comes with limits. A district court \"abuses its discretion in ordering a stay 'of indefinite duration in the absence of a pressing need.\"' <em>Belize </em><em>Soc. </em><em>Dev't, 668 </em>F.3d at 731-32 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 255). The Court now turns to weighing the \"competing interests\" of judicial economy and potential hardship. <em>Hulley </em><em>II, </em>502 F. Supp. 3d at 152 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 24~5)."}},"RectanglesPdf":{"1":"417, 151, 182, 22","2":"607, 151, 199, 22","3":"416, 178, 218, 22","4":"641, 178, 30, 22","5":"678, 178, 130, 22","6":"175, 230, 117, 22","7":"298, 230, 269, 22","8":"242, 282, 104, 22","9":"175, 332, 15, 24","10":"702, 336, 86, 22","11":"796, 336, 170, 22","12":"175, 389, 234, 22","13":"242, 442, 112, 22","14":"467, 524, 286, 22","15":"233, 576, 97, 22","16":"339, 576, 93, 22","17":"441, 576, 104, 22","18":"554, 576, 35, 22","19":"600, 576, 134, 22","20":"743, 576, 70, 22","21":"822, 576, 57, 22","22":"888, 576, 89, 22","23":"986, 576, 73, 22","24":"163, 629, 87, 22","25":"257, 629, 80, 22","26":"343, 629, 32, 22","27":"382, 629, 56, 22","28":"445, 629, 101, 22","29":"553, 629, 88, 22","30":"648, 629, 63, 22","31":"718, 629, 72, 22","32":"797, 629, 260, 22","33":"163, 684, 32, 22","34":"202, 684, 75, 22","35":"284, 684, 72, 22","36":"363, 684, 32, 22","37":"402, 684, 68, 22","38":"477, 684, 10, 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</strong></div>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"415, 151, 392, 49","alignment":1,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<p><strong>UNITED STATES </strong><strong>DISTRICT COURT </strong></p><p><strong>FOR THE DISTRICT </strong><strong>OF </strong><strong>COLUMBIA </strong></p>"},{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":6,"columnEnd":13,"xStart":87.54,"yStart":115.47,"xEnd":483.42,"yEnd":232.56,"text":"<div><strong><br></strong></div><table style=\"width: 100%;\"><tr><td><div>CC/DEV AS (MAURITIUS) LTD., et al., </div><blockquote style=\"margin-right: 0px;\" dir=\"ltr\"><div>&nbsp;Petitioners, </div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>&nbsp;v.</div><div><br></div><div><u>REPUBLIC OF INDIA, </u></div><div><u><br></u></div><div><em>&nbsp;Respondent.</em></div></td><td>Case No. 1:21-cv-106-RCL  </td></tr></table><div><div></div></div><div><strong><br></strong></div><div><strong><br></strong></div><div><em><br></em></div>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":null,"paragraphLabel":null,"rectangle":"174, 230, 791, 234","alignment":0,"blockType":1,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<p><strong><br></strong></p><table style=\"width: 100%;\"><tr><td><p>CC/DEV AS (MAURITIUS) LTD., et al., </p><blockquote style=\"margin-right: 0px;\" dir=\"ltr\"><p>&nbsp;Petitioners, </p></blockquote><p><br></p><p>&nbsp;v.</p><p><br></p><p><u>REPUBLIC OF INDIA, </u></p><p><u><br></u></p><p><em>&nbsp;Respondent.</em></p></td><td>Case No. 1:21-cv-106-RCL  </td></tr></table><p><p></p></p><p><strong><br></strong></p><p><strong><br></strong></p><p><em><br></em></p>"},{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":14,"columnEnd":14,"xStart":233.94,"yStart":262.12,"xEnd":377.28,"yEnd":273.12,"text":"<strong><u>MEMORANDUM OPINION </u></strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"467, 524, 286, 22","alignment":1,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<strong><u>MEMORANDUM OPINION </u></strong>"},{"pageIdStart":1,"pageIdEnd":1,"columnStart":15,"columnEnd":196,"xStart":78.77,"yStart":288.36,"xEnd":531.82,"yEnd":651.59,"text":"Petitioners CC/Devas (Mauritius) Ltd. (\"CC/Devas\"), Telcom Devas Mauritius Limited&nbsp; (\"Telcom Devas\"), and Devas Employees Mauritius Private Limited (\"DEMPL\") have petitioned&nbsp; this Court to confirm and enforce a roughly $111.3 million arbitral award against the respondent,&nbsp; the Republic of India (\"India\"). <em>See generally </em>Pet., ECF No. 1. At the same time, India has filed&nbsp; lawsuits in the Netherlands to set aside this award. <em>See</em> Claassens &amp; Verkerk Deel.&nbsp;&para;&para; 3-5,&nbsp; ECF No. 35. India moved to dismiss this petition or, alternatively, to stay these proceedings until&nbsp; the conclusion of the Dutch set-aside proceedings. Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 15; Mot. to Stay,&nbsp; ECF No. 14. Petitioners challenged both motions in separate responses. See Pet'rs' Resp. to&nbsp; Resp't's Mot. to Stay (\"Stay Resp.\"), ECF No. 24; Pet'rs' Resp. to Resp't's Mot. to Dismiss&nbsp; (\"MTD Resp.\"), ECF No. 23. India filed separate replies for both motions. Reply Mem. in Supp.&nbsp; of Mot. to Stay (\"Stay Reply\"), ECF No. 31; Reply Mem. in Supp. of Mot. to Dismiss (\"MTD&nbsp; Reply\"), ECF No. 32. After considering the parties' briefing, relevant exhibits, and applicable law, the Court finds that India has demonstrated a pressing need for a temporary stay. India's&nbsp; motion to stay will be <strong>GRANTED</strong>.&nbsp;<strong> </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa1","paragraphLabel":"1.","rectangle":"157, 576, 905, 726","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Petitioners CC/Devas (Mauritius) Ltd. (\"CC/Devas\"), Telcom Devas Mauritius Limited&nbsp; (\"Telcom Devas\"), and Devas Employees Mauritius Private Limited (\"DEMPL\") have petitioned&nbsp; this Court to confirm and enforce a roughly $111.3 million arbitral award against the respondent,&nbsp; the Republic of India (\"India\"). <em>See generally </em>Pet., ECF No. 1. At the same time, India has filed&nbsp; lawsuits in the Netherlands to set aside this award. <em>See</em> Claassens &amp; Verkerk Deel.&nbsp;&para;&para; 3-5,&nbsp; ECF No. 35. India moved to dismiss this petition or, alternatively, to stay these proceedings until&nbsp; the conclusion of the Dutch set-aside proceedings. Mot. to Dismiss, ECF No. 15; Mot. to Stay,&nbsp; ECF No. 14. Petitioners challenged both motions in separate responses. See Pet'rs' Resp. to&nbsp; Resp't's Mot. to Stay (\"Stay Resp.\"), ECF No. 24; Pet'rs' Resp. to Resp't's Mot. to Dismiss&nbsp; (\"MTD Resp.\"), ECF No. 23. India filed separate replies for both motions. Reply Mem. in Supp.&nbsp; of Mot. to Stay (\"Stay Reply\"), ECF No. 31; Reply Mem. in Supp. of Mot. to Dismiss (\"MTD&nbsp; Reply\"), ECF No. 32. After considering the parties' briefing, relevant exhibits, and applicable law, the Court finds that India has demonstrated a pressing need for a temporary stay. India's&nbsp; motion to stay will be <strong>GRANTED</strong>.&nbsp;<strong> </strong>"},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":198,"columnEnd":199,"xStart":244.96,"yStart":78.06,"xEnd":362.64,"yEnd":89.76,"text":"<strong>BACKGROUND </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"I.2","paragraphLabel":"I.","rectangle":"489, 155, 235, 24","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>BACKGROUND </strong>"},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":200,"columnEnd":325,"xStart":80.51,"yStart":104.28,"xEnd":528.72,"yEnd":462.95000000000005,"text":"This case involves a contract dispute between Devas Multimedia Private Limited (\"Devas\") and Antrix Corporation Limited (\"Antrix\"), two Indian companies. Devas sought to provide broadband wireless access and audiovisual services across India's rural areas through satellite communications. Pet. <em>&para;&para;</em><strong>&nbsp;</strong> 2-4. In January 2005, Devas entered an agreement with Antrix (the \"Devas-Antrix Agreement\" or the \"Agreement\") to pursue this goal. <em>Id.&nbsp;&para;&para;</em><strong> 20, 22. </strong>Antrix is wholly owned by the Indian government-it serves as the \"marketing arm\" of the Indian Department of Space (\"DOS\") and as a commercial entity within the Indian Space Research Organization (\"ISRO\"). <em>Id. <em>&para;&para;</em><strong>&nbsp;</strong></em><strong> </strong>20-21. Antrix agreed to build, operate, and launch two ISRO satellites and to lease Devas a portion of the \"S-band\" of the electromagnetic spectrum to use for broadcasting. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em><strong> </strong></em>22. Between 2005 and 2011, Devas \"assembled a world class team of experts\" in satellite communications and conducted trials in India, Germany, and China. <em>Id. <em>&para; </em></em>4. Petitioners in this action-CC/Devas, Telcom Devas, and DEMPL<a href=\"#UN008717_fn1\"><sup>1</sup></a> -collectively injected millions of dollars into Devas during this period to assist with satellite reservation fees and other business expenses. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em><strong> </strong></em>23<strong>. </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa2","paragraphLabel":"2.","rectangle":"160, 208, 896, 716","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"This case involves a contract dispute between Devas Multimedia Private Limited (\"Devas\") and Antrix Corporation Limited (\"Antrix\"), two Indian companies. Devas sought to provide broadband wireless access and audiovisual services across India's rural areas through satellite communications. Pet. <em>&para;&para;</em><strong>&nbsp;</strong> 2-4. In January 2005, Devas entered an agreement with Antrix (the \"Devas-Antrix Agreement\" or the \"Agreement\") to pursue this goal. <em>Id.&nbsp;&para;&para;</em><strong> 20, 22. </strong>Antrix is wholly owned by the Indian government-it serves as the \"marketing arm\" of the Indian Department of Space (\"DOS\") and as a commercial entity within the Indian Space Research Organization (\"ISRO\"). <em>Id. <em>&para;&para;</em><strong>&nbsp;</strong></em><strong> </strong>20-21. Antrix agreed to build, operate, and launch two ISRO satellites and to lease Devas a portion of the \"S-band\" of the electromagnetic spectrum to use for broadcasting. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em><strong> </strong></em>22. Between 2005 and 2011, Devas \"assembled a world class team of experts\" in satellite communications and conducted trials in India, Germany, and China. <em>Id. <em>&para; </em></em>4. Petitioners in this action-CC/Devas, Telcom Devas, and DEMPL<a href=\"#UN008717_fn1\"><sup>1</sup></a> -collectively injected millions of dollars into Devas during this period to assist with satellite reservation fees and other business expenses. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em><strong> </strong></em>23<strong>. </strong>"},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":326,"columnEnd":393,"xStart":80.13,"yStart":477.95,"xEnd":529.9399999999999,"yEnd":623.76,"text":"But the momentum behind the Devas-Antrix Agreement came to a screeching halt. In February 2011, the Indian Cabinet Committee on Security (\"CCS\") announced the termination of the Agreement. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em></em><strong> </strong>32. The CCS reasoned that the Indian government could no longer lease S-band frequencies to Devas because of \"increased demand\" in that range \"for national needs.\" <em>Id. </em>Antrix terminated the Agreement a few days later. <em>Id. </em>Without the Agreement, Devas's business and petitioners' investments \"[were] completely destroyed.\" <em>Id.&nbsp;<em>&para;</em></em><strong> </strong>33.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa3","paragraphLabel":"3.","rectangle":"160, 954, 898, 292","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"But the momentum behind the Devas-Antrix Agreement came to a screeching halt. In February 2011, the Indian Cabinet Committee on Security (\"CCS\") announced the termination of the Agreement. <em>Id. <em>&para;</em></em><strong> </strong>32. The CCS reasoned that the Indian government could no longer lease S-band frequencies to Devas because of \"increased demand\" in that range \"for national needs.\" <em>Id. </em>Antrix terminated the Agreement a few days later. <em>Id. </em>Without the Agreement, Devas's business and petitioners' investments \"[were] completely destroyed.\" <em>Id.&nbsp;<em>&para;</em></em><strong> </strong>33."},{"pageIdStart":2,"pageIdEnd":2,"columnStart":394,"columnEnd":414,"xStart":80.14,"yStart":679.72,"xEnd":527.2900000000001,"yEnd":698.64,"text":"Each petitioner is an entity incorporated in Mauritius, though CC/Devas and Telcom Devas are affiliated with two American-based venture-capital firms. Pet. <em>&para;&para;</em> 14, 34.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn1","paragraphLabel":"1","rectangle":"160, 1358, 893, 37","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Each petitioner is an entity incorporated in Mauritius, though CC/Devas and Telcom Devas are affiliated with two American-based venture-capital firms. Pet. <em>&para;&para;</em> 14, 34."},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":416,"columnEnd":514,"xStart":80.51,"yStart":78.35,"xEnd":529.69,"yEnd":355.43,"text":"Facing the loss of their investments, petitioners commenced international arbitration. They alleged violations of a bilateral investment treaty between Mauritius and India (the \"Mauritus- India Treaty\").<a href=\"#UN008717_fn2\"><sup>2</sup></a> On July 25, 2016, a three-member tribunal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague (the \"Tribunal\") issued a decision on the merits of petitioners' arbitration (the \"Merits Award\"). Merits Award, ECF No. 1-5. The Tribunal held that India breached the Mauritius-India Treaty by annulling the Devas-Antrix Agreement. <em>Id.&nbsp;&para;</em> 48. Next came the quantum of damages. The parties submitted additional briefing and evidence on damages during 2017 and 2018, culminating in a days-long hearing before the Tribunal. <em>Id. &para;&para;</em>51-52. On October 13, 2020, the Tribunal issued a decision (the \"Quantum Award\") finding that petitioners were entitled to $111,296,000 in damages, pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, and attorneys' fees. <em>Id. &para;&para;</em>5, 53-55; Quantum Award, ECF No. 1-3.3","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa4","paragraphLabel":"4.","rectangle":"160, 156, 898, 554","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Facing the loss of their investments, petitioners commenced international arbitration. They alleged violations of a bilateral investment treaty between Mauritius and India (the \"Mauritus- India Treaty\").<a href=\"#UN008717_fn2\"><sup>2</sup></a> On July 25, 2016, a three-member tribunal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague (the \"Tribunal\") issued a decision on the merits of petitioners' arbitration (the \"Merits Award\"). Merits Award, ECF No. 1-5. The Tribunal held that India breached the Mauritius-India Treaty by annulling the Devas-Antrix Agreement. <em>Id.&nbsp;&para;</em> 48. Next came the quantum of damages. The parties submitted additional briefing and evidence on damages during 2017 and 2018, culminating in a days-long hearing before the Tribunal. <em>Id. &para;&para;</em>51-52. On October 13, 2020, the Tribunal issued a decision (the \"Quantum Award\") finding that petitioners were entitled to $111,296,000 in damages, pre-judgment interest, post-judgment interest, and attorneys' fees. <em>Id. &para;&para;</em>5, 53-55; Quantum Award, ECF No. 1-3.3"},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":515,"columnEnd":574,"xStart":80.28,"yStart":370.68,"xEnd":530.58,"yEnd":515.99,"text":"But petitioners' successes before the Tribunal did not end this controversy. India's challenge to the Merits Award-in which India is requesting a complete set-aside-is currently on appeal to the Dutch Supreme Court. Claassens &amp; Verkerk Deel. &para; 5. And India has challenged the Quantum Award by filing suit in The Hague District Court. <em>Id.&para;</em>4. The Court is not aware of a final decision in either Dutch proceeding. Devas itself is now subject to winding-up proceedings and litigation in India about allegedly fraudulent conduct surrounding the Devas-Antrix","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa5","paragraphLabel":"5","rectangle":"160, 741, 900, 290","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"But petitioners' successes before the Tribunal did not end this controversy. India's challenge to the Merits Award-in which India is requesting a complete set-aside-is currently on appeal to the Dutch Supreme Court. Claassens &amp; Verkerk Deel. &para; 5. And India has challenged the Quantum Award by filing suit in The Hague District Court. <em>Id.&para;</em>4. The Court is not aware of a final decision in either Dutch proceeding. Devas itself is now subject to winding-up proceedings and litigation in India about allegedly fraudulent conduct surrounding the Devas-Antrix"},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":575,"columnEnd":598,"xStart":80.07,"yStart":555.67,"xEnd":528.63,"yEnd":585.36,"text":"<em>See </em>Agreement Between the Republic of India and the Republic of Mauritius for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of lnvestments, in Investment Promotion and Protection Treaties: India/Mauritius (Int'l Ctr. for Settlement of lnvestment Disps. 2010), ECF No. 1-8.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn2","paragraphLabel":"2","rectangle":"160, 1110, 896, 60","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<em>See </em>Agreement Between the Republic of India and the Republic of Mauritius for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of lnvestments, in Investment Promotion and Protection Treaties: India/Mauritius (Int'l Ctr. for Settlement of lnvestment Disps. 2010), ECF No. 1-8."},{"pageIdStart":3,"pageIdEnd":3,"columnStart":599,"columnEnd":663,"xStart":80.09,"yStart":594.59,"xEnd":528.53,"yEnd":647.0300000000001,"text":"<div>Separately; Devas itself commenced arbitration against Antrix under their arbitration clause in their Agreement. Pet.&nbsp;&para; 66. The International Chamber of Commerce (\"ICC\") heard this arbitration and, on September 14, 2015, awarded Devas $562,500,000 in damages for breach of contract (the \"ICC Award\"). <em>Id </em>The ICC Award did not affect the Tribunal's holding toward petitioners, though the Tribunal mandated that the petitioners make efforts to avoid receiving double compensation. <em>Id </em>(quoting Merits Award &para;&para;166; Quantum Award &para; 663(k)).</div><div><br></div><div>Devas then filed suit in the Western District of Washington to enforce the ICC Award. <em>Devas Multimedia Priv. Ltd&nbsp; v. Antrix Corp. Ltd</em>, No. 2:18-cv-1360 (TSZ), 2020 WL 5569782 (W.D. Wash. Sept. 17, 2020). In November 2020,&nbsp; that court entered judgment against Antrix for roughly $1.29 billion. Judgment, <em>id</em>, ECF No. 52. That decision is on&nbsp; appeal at the Ninth Circuit. <em>Devas Multimedia Priv. Ltd. v. Antrix Corp. Ltd,</em> No. 20-36024 (9th Cir. Feb. 16, 2022).</div>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn3","paragraphLabel":"3","rectangle":"160, 1188, 896, 105","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"<p>Separately; Devas itself commenced arbitration against Antrix under their arbitration clause in their Agreement. Pet.&nbsp;&para; 66. The International Chamber of Commerce (\"ICC\") heard this arbitration and, on September 14, 2015, awarded Devas $562,500,000 in damages for breach of contract (the \"ICC Award\"). <em>Id </em>The ICC Award did not affect the Tribunal's holding toward petitioners, though the Tribunal mandated that the petitioners make efforts to avoid receiving double compensation. <em>Id </em>(quoting Merits Award &para;&para;166; Quantum Award &para; 663(k)).</p><p><br></p><p>Devas then filed suit in the Western District of Washington to enforce the ICC Award. <em>Devas Multimedia Priv. Ltd&nbsp; v. Antrix Corp. Ltd</em>, No. 2:18-cv-1360 (TSZ), 2020 WL 5569782 (W.D. Wash. Sept. 17, 2020). In November 2020,&nbsp; that court entered judgment against Antrix for roughly $1.29 billion. Judgment, <em>id</em>, ECF No. 52. That decision is on&nbsp; appeal at the Ninth Circuit. <em>Devas Multimedia Priv. Ltd. v. Antrix Corp. Ltd,</em> No. 20-36024 (9th Cir. Feb. 16, 2022).</p>"},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":708,"columnEnd":719,"xStart":80.86,"yStart":78.56,"xEnd":528.14,"yEnd":116.64,"text":"Agreement. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay 13-17; <em>see generally</em> Dutt Deel., ECF No. 23-29; Jayasimha Deel., ECFNo. 36.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"161, 157, 894, 76","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Agreement. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay 13-17; <em>see generally</em> Dutt Deel., ECF No. 23-29; Jayasimha Deel., ECFNo. 36."},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":720,"columnEnd":810,"xStart":80.86,"yStart":131.12,"xEnd":529.0500000000001,"yEnd":329.03999999999996,"text":"These pending lawsuits have not stopped petitioners from trying to enforce their initial victory. They have filed lawsuits in Australia, Belgium, England, France, Luxembourg, and the Southern District of New York praying for confirmation of the Merits and Quantum Awards. <em>See </em>Compl.&nbsp;&para; 41, <em>CC/Devas (Mauritius)</em> <em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Air India, </em><em>Ltd., No. </em>I :21-cv-5601 (PGG) (S.D.N.Y. June 28, 2021), ECF No. 1.<a href=\"#UN008717_fn4\"><sup>4</sup></a><sup> </sup>On January 13, 2021, that worldwide campaign reached the District of Columbia. <em>See </em>Pet.&nbsp;&para; 9. After several months' delay (while petitioners served India with process), India filed a motion to stay and a motion to dismiss. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay; Mot. to Dismiss. These motions are now ripe.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa6","paragraphLabel":"6.","rectangle":"161, 262, 896, 395","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"These pending lawsuits have not stopped petitioners from trying to enforce their initial victory. They have filed lawsuits in Australia, Belgium, England, France, Luxembourg, and the Southern District of New York praying for confirmation of the Merits and Quantum Awards. <em>See </em>Compl.&nbsp;&para; 41, <em>CC/Devas (Mauritius)</em> <em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Air India, </em><em>Ltd., No. </em>I :21-cv-5601 (PGG) (S.D.N.Y. June 28, 2021), ECF No. 1.<a href=\"#UN008717_fn4\"><sup>4</sup></a><sup> </sup>On January 13, 2021, that worldwide campaign reached the District of Columbia. <em>See </em>Pet.&nbsp;&para; 9. After several months' delay (while petitioners served India with process), India filed a motion to stay and a motion to dismiss. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay; Mot. to Dismiss. These motions are now ripe."},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":811,"columnEnd":813,"xStart":234.12,"yStart":344.73,"xEnd":374.93,"yEnd":355.43,"text":"<strong>LEGAL </strong><strong>STANDARD </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"II","paragraphLabel":"II.","rectangle":"467, 689, 282, 21","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>LEGAL </strong><strong>STANDARD </strong>"},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":814,"columnEnd":892,"xStart":80.26,"yStart":370.88,"xEnd":529.58,"yEnd":604.8,"text":"Part of the Federal Arbitration Act (\"FAA\"), 9 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 201-08, codifies the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the \"New York Convention,\" or the \"Convention\"). Art. I, June 10, 1958, 21 U.S.T. 2517. These provisions require a district court to confirm \"an arbitral award falling under the Convention\" unless \"it finds one of the grounds for refusal or deferral\" specified in the Convention. 9 U.S.C. &sect; 207. A district court carries \"little discretion in refusing or deferring enforcement of foreign arbitral awards\" except for those grounds \"explicitly set forth in Article V of the Convention.\" <em>Belize </em><em>Soc. </em><em>Dev't </em><em>v. </em><em>Gov't </em><em>of Belize, </em>668 F.3d 724, 727 (D.C. Cir. 2012) (quoting <em>TermoRio </em><em>S.A. </em><em>E.S.P. </em><em>v. </em><em>Electranta </em><em>S.P., </em>487 F.3d 928, 935 (D.C..Cir. 2007)). ","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa7","paragraphLabel":"7.","rectangle":"160, 741, 898, 468","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Part of the Federal Arbitration Act (\"FAA\"), 9 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 201-08, codifies the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the \"New York Convention,\" or the \"Convention\"). Art. I, June 10, 1958, 21 U.S.T. 2517. These provisions require a district court to confirm \"an arbitral award falling under the Convention\" unless \"it finds one of the grounds for refusal or deferral\" specified in the Convention. 9 U.S.C. &sect; 207. A district court carries \"little discretion in refusing or deferring enforcement of foreign arbitral awards\" except for those grounds \"explicitly set forth in Article V of the Convention.\" <em>Belize </em><em>Soc. </em><em>Dev't </em><em>v. </em><em>Gov't </em><em>of Belize, </em>668 F.3d 724, 727 (D.C. Cir. 2012) (quoting <em>TermoRio </em><em>S.A. </em><em>E.S.P. </em><em>v. </em><em>Electranta </em><em>S.P., </em>487 F.3d 928, 935 (D.C..Cir. 2007)). "},{"pageIdStart":4,"pageIdEnd":4,"columnStart":893,"columnEnd":933,"xStart":79.48,"yStart":667.2,"xEnd":527.35,"yEnd":697.2,"text":"Last month, Judge Paul G. Gardephe of the Southern District of New York exercised discretion to stay the confirmation proceedings before him pending this Court's decision. <em>CC/Devas </em><em>(Mauritius) </em><em>ltd </em><em>v. </em><em>Air </em><em>India, </em><em>ltd, </em>No. l:21-cv-5601 (PGG), 2022 WL 355759 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 4, 2022).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn4","paragraphLabel":"4","rectangle":"158, 1334, 896, 60","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Last month, Judge Paul G. Gardephe of the Southern District of New York exercised discretion to stay the confirmation proceedings before him pending this Court's decision. <em>CC/Devas </em><em>(Mauritius) </em><em>ltd </em><em>v. </em><em>Air </em><em>India, </em><em>ltd, </em>No. l:21-cv-5601 (PGG), 2022 WL 355759 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 4, 2022)."},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":935,"columnEnd":992,"xStart":79.52,"yStart":78.28,"xEnd":530.31,"yEnd":275.04,"text":"Should the Convention apply, \"a court may adjourn enforcement proceedings only on the grounds explicitly set forth\" in the Convention. <em>Id. </em>(citation omitted). The Convention permits a district court to stay proceedings if\"an application for the setting aside or suspension of the award has been made to the competent authority.\" New York Convention art. VI. But a stay \"should not be lightly granted,\" for doing so may \"impede[] the goals of arbitration-the expeditious resolution of disputes and the avoidance of protracted and expensive litigation.\" <em>Gretton Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic of </em><em>Uzbekistan, </em>No. 1:18-cv-1755 (JEB), 2019 WL 464793, at *2 (D.D.C. Feb. 6, 2019) (quoting <em>Europcar Italia, </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Maiellano </em><em>Tours, </em><em>Inc., </em>156 F.3d 310,317 (2d Cir. 1998)).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa8","paragraphLabel":"8.","rectangle":"159, 156, 901, 393","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Should the Convention apply, \"a court may adjourn enforcement proceedings only on the grounds explicitly set forth\" in the Convention. <em>Id. </em>(citation omitted). The Convention permits a district court to stay proceedings if\"an application for the setting aside or suspension of the award has been made to the competent authority.\" New York Convention art. VI. But a stay \"should not be lightly granted,\" for doing so may \"impede[] the goals of arbitration-the expeditious resolution of disputes and the avoidance of protracted and expensive litigation.\" <em>Gretton Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic of </em><em>Uzbekistan, </em>No. 1:18-cv-1755 (JEB), 2019 WL 464793, at *2 (D.D.C. Feb. 6, 2019) (quoting <em>Europcar Italia, </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Maiellano </em><em>Tours, </em><em>Inc., </em>156 F.3d 310,317 (2d Cir. 1998))."},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":993,"columnEnd":994,"xStart":251.19,"yStart":289.72,"xEnd":355.5,"yEnd":301.92,"text":"<strong>DISCUSSION </strong>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"hIII","paragraphLabel":"III.","rectangle":"502, 579, 208, 24","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>DISCUSSION </strong>"},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":995,"columnEnd":1075,"xStart":79.09,"yStart":317.55,"xEnd":527.42,"yEnd":488.88,"text":"India moves this Court to stay these proceedings until the related litigation in the Netherlands and India has concluded. The Court agrees as to the Dutch proceedings. First, the Court will explain why it may grant a stay without considering India's sovereign immunity. Second, the Court will detail why this dispute should be stayed pending resolution of the Dutch proceedings. Finally, the Court will discuss why it will not require India to post security. Because a stay would promote judicial economy, respect international comity, and prevent hardship to India, the Court will <strong>GRANT </strong>India's motion and temporarily stay this case.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa9","paragraphLabel":"9.","rectangle":"158, 634, 896, 343","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"India moves this Court to stay these proceedings until the related litigation in the Netherlands and India has concluded. The Court agrees as to the Dutch proceedings. First, the Court will explain why it may grant a stay without considering India's sovereign immunity. Second, the Court will detail why this dispute should be stayed pending resolution of the Dutch proceedings. Finally, the Court will discuss why it will not require India to post security. Because a stay would promote judicial economy, respect international comity, and prevent hardship to India, the Court will <strong>GRANT </strong>India's motion and temporarily stay this case."},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":1076,"columnEnd":1078,"xStart":130.78,"yStart":504.56,"xEnd":451.69,"yEnd":515.76,"text":"<strong>The Court May Grant A </strong><strong>Stay Before Deciding Its Jurisdiction </strong>","indentLevel":2,"paragraphId":"A","paragraphLabel":"A.","rectangle":"261, 1008, 642, 23","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>The Court May Grant A </strong><strong>Stay Before Deciding Its Jurisdiction </strong>"},{"pageIdStart":5,"pageIdEnd":5,"columnStart":1079,"columnEnd":1153,"xStart":77.78,"yStart":531.64,"xEnd":527.23,"yEnd":677.04,"text":"India claims that it has not waived its sovereign immunity, which would divest this Court of jurisdiction over this dispute. <em>See </em>Mot. to Dismiss 29-32. A court usually must evaluate its jurisdiction before reaching the merits .of a case. <em>See </em><em>Steel </em><em>Co. </em><em>v. </em><em>Citizens for </em><em>a </em><em>Better </em><em>Env 't, </em>523 U.S. 83, 94-95 (1998). But a court \"may address certain nonjurisdictional, threshold issues before examining jurisdictional questions.\" <em>Kaplan </em><em>v. </em><em>Cent. </em><em>Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, </em>896 F.3d 501,513 (2018). For \"[j]urisdiction is vital only if the court proposes to issue a judgment","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa10","paragraphLabel":"10.","rectangle":"155, 1062, 899, 291","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"India claims that it has not waived its sovereign immunity, which would divest this Court of jurisdiction over this dispute. <em>See </em>Mot. to Dismiss 29-32. A court usually must evaluate its jurisdiction before reaching the merits .of a case. <em>See </em><em>Steel </em><em>Co. </em><em>v. </em><em>Citizens for </em><em>a </em><em>Better </em><em>Env 't, </em>523 U.S. 83, 94-95 (1998). But a court \"may address certain nonjurisdictional, threshold issues before examining jurisdictional questions.\" <em>Kaplan </em><em>v. </em><em>Cent. </em><em>Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, </em>896 F.3d 501,513 (2018). For \"[j]urisdiction is vital only if the court proposes to issue a judgment"},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1155,"columnEnd":1186,"xStart":80.51,"yStart":77.5,"xEnd":527.71,"yEnd":141.36,"text":"on the merits.\" <em>Pub. </em><em>Citizen </em><em>v. </em><em>U.S. </em><em>Dist. </em><em>Court for </em><em>the </em><em>Dist. </em><em>of Columbia, </em>486 F.3d 1342, 1348 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (quoting <em>Sinochem </em><em>Int'l Co. </em><em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Malaysia </em><em>Int'l Shipping </em><em>Co., </em>549 U.S. 422, 431 (2007)).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"160, 154, 893, 128","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"on the merits.\" <em>Pub. </em><em>Citizen </em><em>v. </em><em>U.S. </em><em>Dist. </em><em>Court for </em><em>the </em><em>Dist. </em><em>of Columbia, </em>486 F.3d 1342, 1348 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (quoting <em>Sinochem </em><em>Int'l Co. </em><em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Malaysia </em><em>Int'l Shipping </em><em>Co., </em>549 U.S. 422, 431 (2007))."},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1187,"columnEnd":1302,"xStart":80.27,"yStart":156.21,"xEnd":530.67,"yEnd":381.36,"text":"Analyzing the propriety of a stay \"involves no question relating to the merits of the underlying dispute.\" <em>Gretton, </em>2019 WL 464793, at *3. Accordingly, courts in this district have held that staying a dispute about a foreign arbitral award is ''the type of threshold, non-merits, nonjurisdictional question\" that a court may decide before addressing its own jurisdiction. <em>Cef </em><em>Energia, </em><em>B. V. </em><em>v. </em><em>Italian </em><em>Republic, </em>No. 1:19-cv-3443 (KBJ), 2020 WL 4219786, at *4 (D.D.C. July 23, 2020); <em>see </em><em>also, </em><em>e.g., </em><em>Novenergia </em><em>II - </em><em>Energy </em>&amp; <em>Env't (SCA) </em><em>v. </em><em>Kingdom </em><em>of Spain, </em>No. l:18-cv-1148 {TSC), 2020 WL 417794, at *2 (D.D.C. Jan. 27, 2020); <em>Masdar </em><em>Solar </em>&amp; <em>Wind </em><em>Cooperatief U.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Kingdom of Spain, </em>397 F. Supp. 3d 34, 38-39 (D.D.C. 2019). The Court will follow this practice and tum to India's motion to stay before assessing jurisdictional issues.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa11","paragraphLabel":"11.","rectangle":"160, 312, 899, 449","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Analyzing the propriety of a stay \"involves no question relating to the merits of the underlying dispute.\" <em>Gretton, </em>2019 WL 464793, at *3. Accordingly, courts in this district have held that staying a dispute about a foreign arbitral award is ''the type of threshold, non-merits, nonjurisdictional question\" that a court may decide before addressing its own jurisdiction. <em>Cef </em><em>Energia, </em><em>B. V. </em><em>v. </em><em>Italian </em><em>Republic, </em>No. 1:19-cv-3443 (KBJ), 2020 WL 4219786, at *4 (D.D.C. July 23, 2020); <em>see </em><em>also, </em><em>e.g., </em><em>Novenergia </em><em>II - </em><em>Energy </em>&amp; <em>Env't (SCA) </em><em>v. </em><em>Kingdom </em><em>of Spain, </em>No. l:18-cv-1148 {TSC), 2020 WL 417794, at *2 (D.D.C. Jan. 27, 2020); <em>Masdar </em><em>Solar </em>&amp; <em>Wind </em><em>Cooperatief U.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Kingdom of Spain, </em>397 F. Supp. 3d 34, 38-39 (D.D.C. 2019). The Court will follow this practice and tum to India's motion to stay before assessing jurisdictional issues."},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1303,"columnEnd":1306,"xStart":131.7,"yStart":397.13,"xEnd":522.87,"yEnd":408.23,"text":"<strong>B. </strong><strong>The Court Will Stay The Case In </strong><strong>Light Of The Dutch </strong><strong>Set-Aside Proceedings </strong>","indentLevel":2,"paragraphId":"B","paragraphLabel":"B.","rectangle":"263, 793, 781, 22","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<strong>B. </strong><strong>The Court Will Stay The Case In </strong><strong>Light Of The Dutch </strong><strong>Set-Aside Proceedings </strong>"},{"pageIdStart":6,"pageIdEnd":6,"columnStart":1307,"columnEnd":1412,"xStart":78.5,"yStart":423.81,"xEnd":527.72,"yEnd":649.43,"text":"To begin with, the Court will consider a stay only as to the ongoing litigation in the Netherlands. The proceedings in India involve allegations of fraud in the Devas-Antrix Agreement and the disposition of Devas as it winds up its business. <em>See Jayasimha Deel. &para;&para; </em>7, 15. Petitioners have explained that the Indian court in these proceedings \"lacks power to render a judgment either enforcing or setting aside an arbitral award\" and that \"[t]he Indian Supreme Court does not permit a re-examination of an arbitral tribunal's jurisdictional decisions.\" Dutt Deel. &para;21. India has. not challenged this interpretation in its briefing. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay; Stay Reply;<em> </em>Jayasimha Deel. Though the parties vigorously dispute the purpose of the Indian proceedings- whether they serve to harass petitioners or represent a proper investigation into fraudulent","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa12","paragraphLabel":"12.","rectangle":"156, 846, 897, 451","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"To begin with, the Court will consider a stay only as to the ongoing litigation in the Netherlands. The proceedings in India involve allegations of fraud in the Devas-Antrix Agreement and the disposition of Devas as it winds up its business. <em>See Jayasimha Deel. &para;&para; </em>7, 15. Petitioners have explained that the Indian court in these proceedings \"lacks power to render a judgment either enforcing or setting aside an arbitral award\" and that \"[t]he Indian Supreme Court does not permit a re-examination of an arbitral tribunal's jurisdictional decisions.\" Dutt Deel. &para;21. India has. not challenged this interpretation in its briefing. <em>See </em>Mot. to Stay; Stay Reply;<em> </em>Jayasimha Deel. Though the parties vigorously dispute the purpose of the Indian proceedings- whether they serve to harass petitioners or represent a proper investigation into fraudulent"},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1414,"columnEnd":1429,"xStart":80.61,"yStart":77.74,"xEnd":527.99,"yEnd":115.2,"text":"conduct-those proceedings present different issues involving a different party. The Court will therefore look only to the propriety of a stay as to the Dutch set-aside proceedings.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"161, 155, 894, 75","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"conduct-those proceedings present different issues involving a different party. The Court will therefore look only to the propriety of a stay as to the Dutch set-aside proceedings."},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1430,"columnEnd":1523,"xStart":80.61,"yStart":130.29,"xEnd":529.13,"yEnd":355.2,"text":"The parties dispute the proper standard to apply to India's motion to stay. India asserts that the Court should \"exercise its inherent power to stay proceedings during parallel litigation in another forum.\" Mot. to Stay 5 &amp; n.3. Petitioners argue that the Court must apply the \"non- exclusive factors\" listed in <em>Europcar Italia, </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Maiellano </em><em>Tours, </em><em>Inc. </em>to determine whether a stay under the New York Convention is appropriate. Stay Resp. 14-15. The Court will decide this case under its own inherent power. Because \"the Court's own jurisdiction has yet to be <em>established,\"Cef Energia, 2020 WL 4219786 at *4 (citations omitted), the Court is not in a position </em>to issue a stay under the Convention. Nonetheless, the Court will consider the <em>Europcar </em>factors to inform its decision. <em>See </em><em>id. </em>","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa13","paragraphLabel":"13.","rectangle":"161, 260, 896, 450","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"The parties dispute the proper standard to apply to India's motion to stay. India asserts that the Court should \"exercise its inherent power to stay proceedings during parallel litigation in another forum.\" Mot. to Stay 5 &amp; n.3. Petitioners argue that the Court must apply the \"non- exclusive factors\" listed in <em>Europcar Italia, </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Maiellano </em><em>Tours, </em><em>Inc. </em>to determine whether a stay under the New York Convention is appropriate. Stay Resp. 14-15. The Court will decide this case under its own inherent power. Because \"the Court's own jurisdiction has yet to be <em>established,\"Cef Energia, 2020 WL 4219786 at *4 (citations omitted), the Court is not in a position </em>to issue a stay under the Convention. Nonetheless, the Court will consider the <em>Europcar </em>factors to inform its decision. <em>See </em><em>id. </em>"},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1524,"columnEnd":1531,"xStart":169.8,"yStart":370.88,"xEnd":447.83,"yEnd":382.08,"text":"<em>The </em><em>Court </em><em>Will Stay </em><em>The </em><em>Case </em><em>Under </em><em>Its Inherent Powers </em>","indentLevel":3,"paragraphId":"i","paragraphLabel":"i.","rectangle":"339, 741, 555, 23","alignment":0,"blockType":2,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":true,"htmlEditorText":"<em>The </em><em>Court </em><em>Will Stay </em><em>The </em><em>Case </em><em>Under </em><em>Its Inherent Powers </em>"},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1532,"columnEnd":1631,"xStart":79.65,"yStart":397.41,"xEnd":530.18,"yEnd":600.7099999999999,"text":"A district court \"possesses inherent powers\" stemming from \"the control necessarily vested in courts to manage their own affairs so as to achieve the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases.\" <em>Dietz </em><em>v. </em><em>Bouldin, </em>579 U.S. 40, 45 (2016) (quoting <em>Link v. </em><em>Wabash </em><em>R. </em><em>Co., </em>370 U.S. 626, 630-31 (1962)). The ability to stay litigation \"is incidental to\" these inherent powers. <em>Landis v. </em><em>N. </em><em>Am. </em><em>Co., </em>299 U.S. 248, 254 (1936). So, \"[w]hen arbitration between the parties is required or ongoing, the court 'may order a stay of the judicial proceedings pending completion of the arbitration process.\"' <em>Hulley</em> <em>Enters. </em><em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Russian </em><em>Fed'n (Hulley </em><em>II), </em>502 F. Supp. 3d 144, 152 (D.D.C. 2020) (quoting <em>Bledsoe v.</em> <em>Crowley, </em>849 F.2d 639,645 (D.C. Cir. 1988)). ","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa14","paragraphLabel":"14.","rectangle":"159, 794, 900, 407","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"A district court \"possesses inherent powers\" stemming from \"the control necessarily vested in courts to manage their own affairs so as to achieve the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases.\" <em>Dietz </em><em>v. </em><em>Bouldin, </em>579 U.S. 40, 45 (2016) (quoting <em>Link v. </em><em>Wabash </em><em>R. </em><em>Co., </em>370 U.S. 626, 630-31 (1962)). The ability to stay litigation \"is incidental to\" these inherent powers. <em>Landis v. </em><em>N. </em><em>Am. </em><em>Co., </em>299 U.S. 248, 254 (1936). So, \"[w]hen arbitration between the parties is required or ongoing, the court 'may order a stay of the judicial proceedings pending completion of the arbitration process.\"' <em>Hulley</em> <em>Enters. </em><em>Ltd. </em><em>v. </em><em>Russian </em><em>Fed'n (Hulley </em><em>II), </em>502 F. Supp. 3d 144, 152 (D.D.C. 2020) (quoting <em>Bledsoe v.</em> <em>Crowley, </em>849 F.2d 639,645 (D.C. Cir. 1988)). "},{"pageIdStart":7,"pageIdEnd":7,"columnStart":1632,"columnEnd":1647,"xStart":79.17,"yStart":612.21,"xEnd":527.2,"yEnd":677.2800000000001,"text":"A court exercising its power to stay a case must '\"weigh competing interests and maintain an even balance,' ... between the court's interests in judicial economy and any possible hardship to the parties.\" <em>Belize Soc. </em><em>Dev't, 668 </em>F.3d at 733-34 (quoting<em> Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 254-55, 259).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"pa15","paragraphLabel":"15.","rectangle":"158, 1224, 895, 130","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":true,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"A court exercising its power to stay a case must '\"weigh competing interests and maintain an even balance,' ... between the court's interests in judicial economy and any possible hardship to the parties.\" <em>Belize Soc. </em><em>Dev't, 668 </em>F.3d at 733-34 (quoting<em> Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 254-55, 259)."},{"pageIdStart":8,"pageIdEnd":8,"columnStart":1649,"columnEnd":1732,"xStart":80.66,"yStart":78.32,"xEnd":533.21,"yEnd":275.28,"text":"The party seeking the stay bears the burden of proving any \"hardship or inequity\" that would result if the litigation continued unabated \"if there is even a fair possibility that the stay ... will work damage to [someone] else.\" <em>Hulley </em><em>II, </em>502 F. Supp. 3d at 152 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 255). But this power comes with limits. A district court \"abuses its discretion in ordering a stay 'of indefinite duration in the absence of a pressing need.\"' <em>Belize </em><em>Soc. </em><em>Dev't, 668 </em>F.3d at 731-32 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 255). The Court now turns to weighing the \"competing interests\" of judicial economy and potential hardship. <em>Hulley </em><em>II, </em>502 F. Supp. 3d at 152 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 24~5).","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"","paragraphLabel":"","rectangle":"161, 156, 904, 394","alignment":0,"blockType":3,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"The party seeking the stay bears the burden of proving any \"hardship or inequity\" that would result if the litigation continued unabated \"if there is even a fair possibility that the stay ... will work damage to [someone] else.\" <em>Hulley </em><em>II, </em>502 F. Supp. 3d at 152 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 255). But this power comes with limits. A district court \"abuses its discretion in ordering a stay 'of indefinite duration in the absence of a pressing need.\"' <em>Belize </em><em>Soc. </em><em>Dev't, 668 </em>F.3d at 731-32 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 255). The Court now turns to weighing the \"competing interests\" of judicial economy and potential hardship. <em>Hulley </em><em>II, </em>502 F. Supp. 3d at 152 (quoting <em>Landis</em>, 299 U.S. at 24~5)."},{"pageIdStart":9,"pageIdEnd":9,"columnStart":2098,"columnEnd":2179,"xStart":77.91,"yStart":627.09,"xEnd":526.01,"yEnd":701.5200000000001,"text":"Petitioners also argue that this Court should deny a stay in light of an \"order of exequatur\" issued by The Hague District Court. Stay Resp. 1. This exequatur order apparently \"permits [p]etitioners to fully enforce the Quantum Award against Indian property in the Netherlands\" and is not affected \"by India's ongoing appeal or its attempt to set aside the Quantum Award.\" Champion Decl. ,&para; 7, ECF No. 23-2. But India's Dutch attorneys attest that the exequatur order \"does not prejudice the subsequent analysis\" of any court in the set-aside proceedings. Claassens &amp; Verkerk Decl. &para; 18. Since the Court's analysis focuses on the existence of those set-aside proceedings, the exequatur order does not influence its decision.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn5","paragraphLabel":"5","rectangle":"155, 1253, 895, 149","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"Petitioners also argue that this Court should deny a stay in light of an \"order of exequatur\" issued by The Hague District Court. Stay Resp. 1. This exequatur order apparently \"permits [p]etitioners to fully enforce the Quantum Award against Indian property in the Netherlands\" and is not affected \"by India's ongoing appeal or its attempt to set aside the Quantum Award.\" Champion Decl. ,&para; 7, ECF No. 23-2. But India's Dutch attorneys attest that the exequatur order \"does not prejudice the subsequent analysis\" of any court in the set-aside proceedings. Claassens &amp; Verkerk Decl. &para; 18. Since the Court's analysis focuses on the existence of those set-aside proceedings, the exequatur order does not influence its decision."},{"pageIdStart":12,"pageIdEnd":12,"columnStart":2742,"columnEnd":2878,"xStart":79.59,"yStart":546.8,"xEnd":530.63,"yEnd":666.0,"text":"The cases on petitioners' side of the ledger do not change the Court's conclusion. In <em>LLC Komstroy </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic of </em><em>Moldova, </em>the district court lifted a stay after the case had already been through an \"appeal-reversal-remand round\" in French courts. No. 1:14-cv-1921 (CRC), 2018 WL 5993437, at *3-4 (D.D.C. Nov. 13, 2018). Here, the parties' direct appeals of their disputes remain pending in Dutch courts. In <em>Venco </em><em>Imtiaz Construction </em><em>Company v. </em><em>Symbion </em><em>Power </em><em>LLC, </em>the district court emphasized that it \"ha[d] no way of knowing whether an appeal in the [foreign] proceeding will be permitted at all, much less how long any appeal might take.\" No. l:16-cv-1737 (JDB), 2017 WL 2374349, at *6 (D.D.C. May 31, 2017). Here, the parties have made clear that they intend to appeal decisions to the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. And in <em>G.E. </em><em>Transport </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic </em><em>of Albania, </em>the parties expected an appeal process to continue for four years past the date of the motion. 693 F. Supp. 2d 132, 135 (D.D.C. 2010). Here, the Dutch appeals have proceeded expeditiously, and the parties have given no reason for the Court to expect otherwise.","indentLevel":1,"paragraphId":"fn6","paragraphLabel":"6","rectangle":"159, 1092, 901, 238","alignment":0,"blockType":6,"joinedToNextBlock":false,"concatenateText":true,"spacesBeforePx":0,"spacesAfterPx":0,"imageBase64":null,"paragraphIdOverride":false,"htmlEditorText":"The cases on petitioners' side of the ledger do not change the Court's conclusion. In <em>LLC Komstroy </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic of </em><em>Moldova, </em>the district court lifted a stay after the case had already been through an \"appeal-reversal-remand round\" in French courts. No. 1:14-cv-1921 (CRC), 2018 WL 5993437, at *3-4 (D.D.C. Nov. 13, 2018). Here, the parties' direct appeals of their disputes remain pending in Dutch courts. In <em>Venco </em><em>Imtiaz Construction </em><em>Company v. </em><em>Symbion </em><em>Power </em><em>LLC, </em>the district court emphasized that it \"ha[d] no way of knowing whether an appeal in the [foreign] proceeding will be permitted at all, much less how long any appeal might take.\" No. l:16-cv-1737 (JDB), 2017 WL 2374349, at *6 (D.D.C. May 31, 2017). Here, the parties have made clear that they intend to appeal decisions to the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. And in <em>G.E. </em><em>Transport </em><em>S.p.A. </em><em>v. </em><em>Republic </em><em>of Albania, </em>the parties expected an appeal process to continue for four years past the date of the motion. 693 F. Supp. 2d 132, 135 (D.D.C. 2010). Here, the Dutch appeals have proceeded expeditiously, and the parties have given no reason for the Court to expect otherwise."}]}